Optimise string allocations, some other reductions in allocations.

2D/Screens/ChatScreen.cs

@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		}
 
 		public override void Dispose() {
-			if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty( textInput.chatInputText ) ) {
+			if( !textInput.chatInputText.Empty ) {
-				Window.chatInInputBuffer = textInput.chatInputText;
+				Window.chatInInputBuffer = textInput.chatInputText.ToString();
 			}
 			chatFont.Dispose();
 			chatBoldFont.Dispose();
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			announcementDisplayTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
 			if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty( text ) ) {
 				List<DrawTextArgs> parts = Utils2D.SplitText( GraphicsApi, text, true );
-				Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( Utils.StripColours( text ), announcementFont, true );
+				Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( parts, announcementFont, true );
 				int x = Window.Width / 2 - size.Width / 2;
 				int y = Window.Height / 4 - size.Height / 2;
 				announcementTexture = Utils2D.MakeTextTexture( parts, announcementFont, size, x, y );
@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		void OpenTextInputBar( string initialText ) {
 			suppressNextPress = true;
 			HandlesAllInput = true;
-			textInput.chatInputText = initialText;
+			textInput.chatInputText.Clear();
+			textInput.chatInputText.Append( 0, initialText );
 			textInput.Init();
 		}
 		

2D/Screens/ErrorScreen.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		
 		Texture ModifyText( int yOffset, string text, Font font ) {			
 			List<DrawTextArgs> parts = Utils2D.SplitText( GraphicsApi, text, true );
-			Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( Utils.StripColours( text ), font, true );
+			Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( parts, font, true );
 			int x = Window.Width / 2 - size.Width / 2;
 			int y = Window.Height / 2 - yOffset;
 			return Utils2D.MakeTextTexture( parts, font, size, x, y );

2D/Screens/FpsScreen.cs

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 	public class FpsScreen : Screen {
 		
 		readonly Font font;
+		UnsafeString text;
 		public FpsScreen( Game window ) : base( window ) {
 			font = new Font( "Arial", 13 );
+			text = new UnsafeString( 96 );
 		}
 		
 		TextWidget fpsTextWidget;
@@ -17,20 +19,24 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			fpsTextWidget.Render( delta );
 		}
 		
-		const string formatString = "FPS: {0} (min {1}), chunks/s: {2}, vertices: {3}";
 		double accumulator, maxDelta;
 		int fpsCount;	
-		
+		unsafe void UpdateFPS( double delta ) {
-		void UpdateFPS( double delta ) {
 			fpsCount++;
 			maxDelta = Math.Max( maxDelta, delta );
 			accumulator += delta;
 			long vertices = Window.Vertices;
 
 			if( accumulator >= 1 )  {
-				string text = String.Format( formatString, (int)( fpsCount / accumulator ),
+				fixed( char* ptr = text.value ) {
-				                            (int)( 1f / maxDelta ), Window.ChunkUpdates, vertices );
+					char* ptr2 = ptr;
-				fpsTextWidget.SetText( text );
+					text.Clear( ptr2 )
+						.Append( ref ptr2, "FPS: " ).AppendNum( ref ptr2, (int)( fpsCount / accumulator ) )
+						.Append( ref ptr2, " (min " ).AppendNum( ref ptr2, (int)( 1f / maxDelta ) )
+						.Append( ref ptr2, "), chunks/s: " ).AppendNum( ref ptr2, Window.ChunkUpdates )
+						.Append( ref ptr2, ", vertices: " ).AppendNum( ref ptr2, Window.Vertices );
+				}
+				fpsTextWidget.SetText( text.value );
 				maxDelta = 0;
 				accumulator = 0;
 				fpsCount = 0;

2D/Widgets/ExtPlayerListWidget.cs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 				GroupName = p.GroupName;
 				GroupRank = p.GroupRank;
 				List<DrawTextArgs> parts = Utils2D.SplitText( graphics, Name, true );
-				Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( Utils.StripColours( Name ), font, true );
+				Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( parts, font, true );
 				Texture = Utils2D.MakeTextTexture( parts, font, size, 0, 0 );
 			}
 			

2D/Widgets/PlayerListWidget.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 				Name = p.DisplayName;
 				PlayerId = p.ID;
 				List<DrawTextArgs> parts = Utils2D.SplitText( graphics, Name, true );
-				Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( Utils.StripColours( Name ), font, true );
+				Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( parts, font, true );
 				Texture = Utils2D.MakeTextTexture( parts, font, size, 0, 0 );
 			}
 		}

2D/Widgets/TextGroupWidget.cs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			Size size = new Size( 0, defaultHeight );
 			if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty( text ) ) {
 				parts = Utils2D.SplitText( GraphicsApi, text, true );
-				size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( Utils.StripColours( text ), font, true );
+				size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( parts, font, true );
 			}
 			
 			int x = HorizontalDocking == Docking.LeftOrTop ? XOffset : Window.Width - size.Width - XOffset;

2D/Widgets/TextInputWidget.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			typingLogPos = Window.ChatInputLog.Count; // Index of newest entry + 1.
 			this.font = font;
 			this.boldFont = boldFont;
+			chatInputText = new UnsafeString( 64 );
 		}
 		
 		Texture chatInputTexture, chatCaretTexture;
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		int caretPos = -1;
 		int typingLogPos = 0;
 		public int ChatInputYOffset;
-		public string chatInputText = "";
+		internal UnsafeString chatInputText;
 		readonly Font font, boldFont;
 		
 		public override void Render( double delta ) {
@@ -39,19 +40,20 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			X = 10;
 			DrawTextArgs caretArgs = new DrawTextArgs( GraphicsApi, "_", Color.White, false );
 			chatCaretTexture = Utils2D.MakeTextTexture( boldFont, 0, 0, ref caretArgs );
+			string value = chatInputText.value;
 			
-			if( chatInputText.Length == 0 ) {
+			if( chatInputText.Empty ) {
 				caretPos = -1;
 			}
-			Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( chatInputText, font, false );
+			Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( value, font, false );
 			
 			if( caretPos == -1 ) {
 				chatCaretTexture.X1 = 10 + size.Width;
 				size.Width += chatCaretTexture.Width;
 			} else {
-				Size trimmedSize = Utils2D.MeasureSize( chatInputText.Substring( 0, caretPos ), font, false );
+				Size trimmedSize = Utils2D.MeasureSize( value.Substring( 0, caretPos ), font, false );
 				chatCaretTexture.X1 = 10 + trimmedSize.Width;
-				Size charSize = Utils2D.MeasureSize( chatInputText.Substring( caretPos, 1 ), font, false );
+				Size charSize = Utils2D.MeasureSize( value.Substring( caretPos, 1 ), font, false );
 				chatCaretTexture.Width = charSize.Width;
 			}
 			size.Height = Math.Max( size.Height, chatCaretTexture.Height );
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			using( Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap( size.Width, size.Height ) ) {
 				using( Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage( bmp ) ) {
 					Utils2D.DrawRect( g, backColour, 0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height );
-					DrawTextArgs args = new DrawTextArgs( GraphicsApi, chatInputText, Color.White, false );
+					DrawTextArgs args = new DrawTextArgs( GraphicsApi, value, Color.White, false );
 					Utils2D.DrawText( g, font, ref args, 0, 0 );
 				}
 				chatInputTexture = Utils2D.Make2DTexture( GraphicsApi, bmp, 10, y );
@@ -91,9 +93,9 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		}
 		
 		public void SendTextInBufferAndReset() {
-			Window.SendChat( chatInputText );
+			Window.SendChat( chatInputText.ToString() );
 			typingLogPos = Window.ChatInputLog.Count; // Index of newest entry + 1.
-			chatInputText = "";
+			chatInputText.Clear();
 			Dispose();
 		}
 		
@@ -149,9 +151,9 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		public override bool HandlesKeyPress( char key ) {
 			if( chatInputText.Length < 64 && !IsInvalidChar( key ) ) {
 				if( caretPos == -1 ) {
-					chatInputText += key;
+					chatInputText.Append( chatInputText.Length, key );
 				} else {
-					chatInputText = chatInputText.Insert( caretPos, new String( key, 1 ) );
+					chatInputText.InsertAt( caretPos, key );
 					caretPos++;
 				}
 				Dispose();
@@ -162,14 +164,14 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		}
 		
 		void BackspaceKey() {
-			if( chatInputText.Length > 0 ) {
+			if( !chatInputText.Empty ) {
 				if( caretPos == -1 ) {
-					chatInputText = chatInputText.Remove( chatInputText.Length - 1, 1 );
+					chatInputText.DeleteAt( chatInputText.Length - 1 );
 					Dispose();
 					Init();
 				} else if( caretPos > 0 ) {
 					caretPos--;
-					chatInputText = chatInputText.Remove( caretPos, 1 );
+					chatInputText.DeleteAt( caretPos );
 					Dispose();
 					Init();
 				}
@@ -177,8 +179,8 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		}
 		
 		void DeleteKey() {
-			if( chatInputText.Length > 0 && caretPos != -1 ) {
+			if( !chatInputText.Empty && caretPos != -1 ) {
-				chatInputText = chatInputText.Remove( caretPos, 1 );
+				chatInputText.DeleteAt( caretPos );
 				if( caretPos >= chatInputText.Length ) caretPos = -1;
 				Dispose();
 				Init();
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		}
 		
 		void RightKey() {
-			if( chatInputText.Length > 0 && caretPos != -1 ) {
+			if( !chatInputText.Empty && caretPos != -1 ) {
 				caretPos++;
 				if( caretPos >= chatInputText.Length ) caretPos = -1;
 				Dispose();
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		}
 		
 		void LeftKey() {
-			if( chatInputText.Length > 0 ) {
+			if( !chatInputText.Empty ) {
 				if( caretPos == -1 ) caretPos = chatInputText.Length;
 				caretPos--;
 				if( caretPos < 0 ) caretPos = 0;
@@ -208,7 +210,8 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			if( Window.ChatInputLog.Count > 0 ) {
 				typingLogPos--;
 				if( typingLogPos < 0 ) typingLogPos = 0;
-				chatInputText = Window.ChatInputLog[typingLogPos];
+				chatInputText.Clear();
+				chatInputText.Append( 0, Window.ChatInputLog[typingLogPos] );
 				caretPos = -1;
 				Dispose();
 				Init();
@@ -218,11 +221,11 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 		void DownKey() {
 			if( Window.ChatInputLog.Count > 0 ) {
 				typingLogPos++;
+				chatInputText.Clear();
 				if( typingLogPos >= Window.ChatInputLog.Count ) {
 					typingLogPos = Window.ChatInputLog.Count;
-					chatInputText = "";
 				} else {
-					chatInputText = Window.ChatInputLog[typingLogPos];
+					chatInputText.Append( 0, Window.ChatInputLog[typingLogPos] );
 				}
 				caretPos = -1;
 				Dispose();
@@ -251,17 +254,17 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 				}
 				
 				if( caretPos == -1 ) {
-					chatInputText += text;
+					chatInputText.Append( chatInputText.Length, text );
 				} else {
-					chatInputText = chatInputText.Insert( caretPos, text );
+					chatInputText.Append( caretPos, text );
 					caretPos += text.Length;
 				}
 				Dispose();
 				Init();
 				return true;
 			} else if( key == Key.C && controlDown ) {
-				if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty( chatInputText ) ) {
+				if( !chatInputText.Empty ) {
-					Clipboard.SetText( chatInputText );
+					Clipboard.SetText( chatInputText.ToString() );
 				}
 				return true;
 			}

2D/Widgets/TextWidget.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			List<DrawTextArgs> parts = null;
 			Size size = new Size( 0, defaultHeight );
 			parts = Utils2D.SplitText( GraphicsApi, text, true );
-			size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( Utils.StripColours( text ), font, true );
+			size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( parts, font, true );
 			
 			X = CalcAdjOffset( XOffset, Window.Width, size.Width, HorizontalDocking );
 			Y = CalcAdjOffset( YOffset, Window.Height, size.Height, VerticalDocking );

ClassicalSharp.csproj

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@
     <Compile Include="Utils\FastColour.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Utils\TextureAtlas1D.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Utils\TextureAtlas2D.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Utils\UnsafeString.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Utils\Utils.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>

Game/Game.Chat.cs

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			RaiseEvent( ChatReceived, new ChatEventArgs( text, 0 ) );
 		}
 		
+		ChatEventArgs chatArgs = new ChatEventArgs( "", 0 );
 		public void AddChat( string text, byte type ) {
 			CpeMessageType cpeType = (CpeMessageType)type;
 			if( cpeType == 0 ) {
@@ -59,7 +60,9 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 			} else if( cpeType == CpeMessageType.Announcement ) {
 				Announcement = text;
 			}
-			RaiseEvent( ChatReceived, new ChatEventArgs( text, type ) );
+			chatArgs.Text = text;
+			chatArgs.Type = type;
+			RaiseEvent( ChatReceived, chatArgs );
 		}
 		
 		const string fileNameFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd";

Game/Game.Events.cs

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp {
 	
 	public sealed class ChatEventArgs : EventArgs {
 		
-		public readonly byte Type;
+		public byte Type;
 		
 		public string Text;
 		

Rendering/PlayerRenderer.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace ClassicalSharp.Renderers {
 			
 			using( Font font = new Font( "Arial", 14 ) ) {
 				List<DrawTextArgs> parts = Utils2D.SplitText( Graphics, player.DisplayName, true );
-				Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( Utils.StripColours( player.DisplayName ), font, true );
+				Size size = Utils2D.MeasureSize( parts, font, true );
 				nameTexture = Utils2D.MakeTextTexture( parts, font, size, 0, 0 );			
 				nameWidth = size.Width;
 				nameHeight = size.Height;

Utils/UnsafeString.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace ClassicalSharp {
+	
+	// Class used to minimise memory allocations of strings. 
+	// Really, only useful for FpsScreen and TextInputWidget as they allocate lots of very small strings.
+	// Seriously, you should *not* use this anywhere else, as Empty and Length are O(N).
+	internal unsafe class UnsafeString {
+		
+		internal string value;
+		internal int capacity;
+		
+		public UnsafeString( int capacity ) {
+			this.capacity = capacity;
+			value = new String( '\0', capacity );
+		}
+		
+		public UnsafeString Append( int index, char c ) {
+			fixed( char* ptr = value ) {
+				ptr[index] = c;
+				return this;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public UnsafeString Append( int index, string s ) {
+			fixed( char* ptr = value ) {
+				char* offsetPtr = ptr + index;
+				return Append( ref offsetPtr, s );
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public UnsafeString Append( ref char* ptr, string s ) {
+			for( int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++ ) {
+				*ptr++ = s[i];
+			}
+			return this;
+		}
+		
+		static char[] numBuffer = new char[20];
+		public UnsafeString AppendNum( ref char* ptr, long num ) {
+			int index = 0;
+			numBuffer[index++] = (char)( '0' + ( num % 10 ) );
+			num /= 10;
+			
+			while( num > 0 ) {
+				numBuffer[index++] = (char)( '0' + ( num % 10 ) );
+				num /= 10;
+			}
+			for( int i = index - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
+				*ptr++ = numBuffer[i];
+			}
+			return this;
+		}
+		
+		public UnsafeString Clear() {
+			fixed( char* ptr = value ) {
+				return Clear( ptr );
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public UnsafeString Clear( char* ptr ) {
+			for( int i = 0; i < capacity; i++ ) {
+				*ptr++ = '\0';
+			}
+			return this;
+		}
+		
+		public void DeleteAt( int index ) {
+			fixed( char* ptr = value ) {
+				char* offsetPtr = ptr + index;
+				for( int i = index; i < capacity - 1; i++ ) {
+					*offsetPtr = *( offsetPtr + 1 );
+					offsetPtr++;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public void InsertAt( int index, char c ) {
+			fixed( char* ptr = value ) {
+				char* offsetPtr = ptr + capacity - 1;
+				for( int i = capacity - 1; i > index; i-- ) {
+					*offsetPtr = *( offsetPtr - 1 );
+					offsetPtr--;
+				}
+				offsetPtr = ptr + index;
+				*offsetPtr = c;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		
+		public bool Empty {
+			get {
+				for( int i = 0; i < capacity; i++ ) {
+					if( value[i] != '\0' ) 
+						return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public int Length {
+			get {
+				int len = capacity;
+				for( int i = capacity - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
+					if( value[i] != '\0' ) 
+						break;
+					len--;
+				}
+				return len;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		public override string ToString() {
+			return value.TrimEnd( '\0' );
+		}
+	}
+}