commit fc24e168da60e543a18767bfcf600c848bba0d90
Author: arunmu <arun11299@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Mar 15 11:35:07 2016 +0530

    First commit of subprocess-cpp

diff --git a/main b/main
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..103c910
Binary files /dev/null and b/main differ
diff --git a/main.cc b/main.cc
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index 0000000..e80c13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "subprocess.hpp"
+
+using namespace subprocess;
+
+int main() {
+  auto p = Popen({"./script.sh"},
+		 output{"out.txt"});
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/s.py b/s.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35dfefb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/s.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import subprocess
+
+p = subprocess.Popen(["echo", "what the hell"])
diff --git a/script.sh b/script.sh
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/script.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+echo "Hello, subprocess"
diff --git a/subprocess.hpp b/subprocess.hpp
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index 0000000..7ceec2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/subprocess.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <exception>
+
+extern "C" {
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #include <fcntl.h>
+  #include <sys/types.h>
+  #include <sys/wait.h>    
+}
+
+namespace subprocess {
+
+// Max buffer size allocated on stack for read error
+// from pipe
+static const size_t SP_MAX_ERR_BUF_SIZ = 1024;
+
+// Exception Classes
+class CalledProcessError: public std::runtime_error
+{
+public:
+  CalledProcessError(const std::string& error_msg):
+    std::runtime_error(error_msg)
+  {}
+};
+
+
+
+class OSError: public std::runtime_error
+{
+public:
+  OSError(const std::string& err_msg, int err_code):
+    std::runtime_error( err_msg + " : " + std::strerror(err_code) )
+  {}
+};
+
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace util
+{
+  std::vector<std::string>
+  split(const std::string& str, const std::string& delims=" \t")
+  {
+    std::vector<std::string> res;
+    size_t init = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+      auto pos = str.find_first_of(delims, init);
+      if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+	res.emplace_back(str.substr(init, str.length()));
+	break;
+      }
+      res.emplace_back(str.substr(init, pos - init));
+      pos++;
+      init = pos;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  std::string join(const std::vector<std::string>& vec,
+		   const std::string& sep = " ")
+  {
+    std::string res;
+    for (auto& elem : vec) res.append(elem + sep);
+    res.erase(--res.end());
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  void set_clo_on_exec(int fd, bool set = true)
+  {
+    int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+    if (set) flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
+    else flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
+    //TODO: should check for errors
+    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags);
+  }
+
+  std::pair<int, int> pipe_cloexec()
+  {
+    int pipe_fds[2];
+    int res = pipe(pipe_fds);
+    if (res) {
+      throw OSError("pipe failure", errno);
+    }
+
+    set_clo_on_exec(pipe_fds[0]);
+    set_clo_on_exec(pipe_fds[1]);
+
+    return std::make_pair(pipe_fds[0], pipe_fds[1]);
+  }
+
+
+  int write_n(int fd, const char* buf, size_t length)
+  {
+    int nwritten = 0;
+    while (nwritten < length) {
+      int written = write(fd, buf + nwritten, length - nwritten);
+      if (written == -1) return -1;
+      nwritten += written;
+    }
+    return nwritten;
+  }
+
+  int read_atmost_n(int fd, char* buf, size_t read_upto)
+  {
+    int rbytes = 0;
+    int eintr_cnter = 0;
+
+    while (1) {
+      int read_bytes = read(fd, buf, read_upto);
+      if (read_bytes == -1) {
+      	if (errno == EINTR) {
+      	  if (eintr_cnter >= 50) return -1;
+      	  eintr_cnter++;
+      	  continue;
+	}
+	return -1;
+      }
+      if (read_bytes == 0) return rbytes;
+
+      rbytes += read_bytes;
+    }
+    return rbytes;
+  }
+
+  int wait_for_child_exit(int pid)
+  {
+    int status;
+    int ret = -1;
+    while (1) {
+      ret = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG); 
+      if (ret == -1) break;
+      if (ret == 0) continue;
+      return pid;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+
+}; // end namespace util
+
+
+// Popen Arguments
+struct bufsiz { int bufsiz; };
+struct defer_spawn { bool defer; };
+
+struct string_arg
+{
+  string_arg(const char* arg): arg_value(arg) {}
+  string_arg(std::string&& arg): arg_value(std::move(arg)) {}
+  string_arg(std::string arg): arg_value(std::move(arg)) {}
+  std::string arg_value;
+};
+
+struct executable: string_arg
+{
+  template <typename T>
+  executable(T&& arg): string_arg(std::forward<T>(arg)) {}
+};
+
+struct cwd: string_arg
+{
+  template <typename T>
+  cwd(T&& arg): string_arg(std::forward<T>(arg)) {}
+};
+
+struct environment
+{
+  environment(std::map<std::string, std::string>&& env):
+    env_(std::move(env)) {}
+  environment(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& env):
+    env_(env) {}
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> env_;
+};
+
+enum IOTYPE { 
+  STDIN = 0,
+  STDOUT,
+  STDERR,
+  PIPE,
+};
+
+struct input
+{
+  input(int fd): rd_ch_(fd) {}
+
+  input(const char* filename) {
+    int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd == -1) throw OSError("File not found: ", errno);
+    rd_ch_ = fd;
+  }
+  input(IOTYPE typ) {
+    assert (typ == PIPE);
+    std::tie(rd_ch_, wr_ch_) = util::pipe_cloexec();
+  }
+
+  int rd_ch_ = -1;
+  int wr_ch_ = -1;
+};
+
+struct output
+{
+  output(int fd): wr_ch_(fd) {}
+
+  output(const char* filename) {
+    int fd = open(filename, O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0640);
+    if (fd == -1) throw OSError("File not found: ", errno);
+    wr_ch_ = fd;
+  }
+  output(IOTYPE typ) {
+    assert (typ == PIPE);
+    std::tie(rd_ch_, wr_ch_) = util::pipe_cloexec();
+  }
+
+  int rd_ch_ = -1;
+  int wr_ch_ = -1;
+};
+
+struct error {
+  error(int fd): err_ch_(fd) {}
+
+  error(const char* filename) {
+    int fd = open(filename, O_RDWR|O_APPEND);
+    if (fd == -1) throw OSError("File not found: ", errno);
+    err_ch_ = fd;
+  }
+
+  int err_ch_ = -1;
+};
+
+// ~~~~ End Popen Args ~~~~
+
+// Fwd Decl.
+class Popen;
+
+namespace detail {
+
+struct ArgumentDeducer
+{
+  ArgumentDeducer(Popen* p): popen_(p) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  void set_options(T&& arg)
+  {
+    set_option(std::forward<T>(arg));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  void set_options(T&& farg, Args&&... rem_args)
+  {
+    set_option(std::forward<T>(farg));
+    set_options(std::forward<Args>(rem_args)...);
+  }
+
+  void set_option(executable&& exe);
+
+  void set_option(cwd&& cwdir);
+
+  void set_option(bufsiz&& bsiz);
+
+  void set_option(environment&& env);
+
+  void set_option(defer_spawn&& defer);
+
+  void set_option(input&& inp);
+
+  void set_option(output&& out);
+
+  void set_option(error&& err);
+
+private:
+  Popen* popen_ = nullptr;
+};
+
+}; // end namespace detail
+
+
+class Popen
+{
+public:
+  friend class detail::ArgumentDeducer;
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  Popen(const std::string& cmd_args, Args&& ...args): 
+    args_(cmd_args)
+  {
+    vargs_ = util::split(cmd_args);
+    init_args(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+    if (!defer_process_start_) execute_process();
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  Popen(std::initializer_list<const char*> cmd_args, Args&& ...args)
+  {
+    vargs_.insert(vargs_.end(), cmd_args.begin(), cmd_args.end());
+    init_args(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    if (!defer_process_start_) execute_process();
+  }
+
+  void start_process() throw (CalledProcessError, OSError)
+  {
+    // The process was started/tried to be started
+    // in the constructor itself.
+    // For explicitly calling this API to start the
+    // process, 'defer_spawn' argument must be set to
+    // true in the constructor.
+    if (!defer_process_start_) {
+      assert (0); 
+      return;
+    }
+    execute_process();
+  }
+
+private:
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void init_args(Args&&... args);
+  void populate_c_argv();
+  void execute_process() throw (CalledProcessError, OSError);
+
+private:
+  bool defer_process_start_ = false;
+  int bufsiz_ = 0;
+  std::string exe_name_;
+  std::string cwd_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> env_;
+
+  FILE* input_  = nullptr;
+  FILE* output_ = nullptr;
+  FILE* error_  = nullptr;
+
+  // Pipes for communicating with child
+
+  // Emulates stdin
+  int write_to_child_   = -1; // Parent owned descriptor
+  int read_from_parent_ = -1; // Child owned descriptor
+
+  // Emulates stdout
+  int write_to_parent_ = -1; // Child owned descriptor
+  int read_from_child_ = -1; // Parent owned descriptor
+
+  // Emulates stderr
+  int err_write_ = -1; // Write error to parent (Child owned)
+  int err_read_  = -1; // Read error from child (Parent owned)
+
+  // Command in string format
+  std::string args_;
+  // Comamnd provided as sequence
+  std::vector<std::string> vargs_;
+  std::vector<char*> cargv_;
+
+  // Pid of the child process
+  int child_pid_ = -1;
+};
+
+template <>
+void Popen::init_args() {
+  populate_c_argv();
+}
+
+template <typename... Args>
+void Popen::init_args(Args&&... args)
+{
+  detail::ArgumentDeducer argd(this);
+  argd.set_options(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+void Popen::populate_c_argv()
+{
+  cargv_.reserve(vargs_.size());
+  for (auto& arg : vargs_) cargv_.push_back(&arg[0]);
+}
+
+
+void Popen::execute_process() throw (CalledProcessError, OSError)
+{
+  int err_rd_pipe, err_wr_pipe;
+  int sys_ret = -1;
+
+  std::tie(err_rd_pipe, err_wr_pipe) = util::pipe_cloexec();
+
+  if (!exe_name_.length()) {
+    exe_name_ = vargs_[0];
+  }
+
+  child_pid_ = fork();
+
+  if (child_pid_ < 0) {
+    close (err_rd_pipe);
+    close (err_wr_pipe);
+    throw OSError("fork failed", errno);
+  }
+
+  if (child_pid_ == 0) {/* Child Part of Code */
+    try {
+      // Close descriptors belonging to parent
+      if (write_to_child_ != -1) close(write_to_child_);
+      if (read_from_child_ != -1) close(read_from_child_);
+      if (err_read_ != -1) close(err_read_);
+      close(err_rd_pipe);
+
+      // Make the child owned descriptors as the
+      // stdin, stdout and stderr for the child process
+      auto _dup2_ = [](int fd, int to_fd) {
+	if (fd == to_fd) {
+	  // dup2 syscall does not reset the 
+	  // CLOEXEC flag if the descriptors
+	  // provided to it are same.
+	  // But, we need to reset the CLOEXEC
+	  // flag as the provided descriptors
+	  // are now going to be the standard 
+	  // input, output and error
+	  util::set_clo_on_exec(fd, false);
+	} else if(fd != -1) {
+	  int res = dup2(fd, to_fd);
+	  if (res == -1) throw OSError("dup2 failed", errno);
+	}
+      };
+
+      // Create the standard streams
+      _dup2_(read_from_parent_, 0); // Input stream
+      _dup2_(write_to_parent_,  1); // Output stream
+      _dup2_(err_write_,        2); // Error stream
+
+      // Close the extra sockets
+      if (read_from_parent_ != -1 && read_from_parent_ > 2) close(read_from_parent_);
+      if (write_to_parent_ != -1 && write_to_parent_ > 2) close(write_to_parent_);
+      if (err_write_ != -1 && err_write_ > 2) close(err_write_);
+
+      // Close all the inherited fd's except the error write pipe
+      // TODO: Check for the option 
+      int max_fd = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
+      if (max_fd == -1) throw OSError("sysconf failed", errno);
+      for (int i = 3; i < max_fd; i++) {
+	if (i == err_wr_pipe) continue;
+	close(i);
+      }
+
+      // Change the working directory if provided
+      if (cwd_.length()) {
+	sys_ret = chdir(cwd_.c_str());
+	if (sys_ret == -1) throw OSError("chdir failed", errno);
+      }
+
+      // Replace the current image with the executable
+      if (env_.size()) {
+	for (auto& kv : env_) setenv(kv.first.c_str(), kv.second.c_str(), 1);
+	sys_ret = execvp(exe_name_.c_str(), cargv_.data());
+      } else {
+	sys_ret = execvp(exe_name_.c_str(), cargv_.data());
+      }
+      if (sys_ret == -1) throw OSError("execve failed", errno);
+
+    } catch (const OSError& exp) {
+      // Just write the exception message
+      // TODO: Give back stack trace ?
+      std::string err_msg(exp.what());
+      //ATTN: Can we do something on error here ?
+      util::write_n(err_wr_pipe, err_msg.c_str(), err_msg.length());
+      close(err_wr_pipe);
+    }
+
+    // Calling application would not get this
+    // exit failure
+    exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+  } else { // Parent code
+    // Close the err_wr_pipe
+    // Else get stuck forever!!
+    close (err_wr_pipe);
+    // Read the error from child if at all
+    char err_buf[SP_MAX_ERR_BUF_SIZ] = {0,};
+    int read_bytes = util::read_atmost_n(err_rd_pipe, err_buf, SP_MAX_ERR_BUF_SIZ);
+
+    close(err_rd_pipe);
+
+    if (read_bytes || strlen(err_buf)) {
+      // Call waitpid to reap the child process
+      // waitpid suspends the calling process until the 
+      // child terminates.
+      sys_ret = util::wait_for_child_exit(child_pid_);
+      // If the child could not be reaped successfully
+      // raise that error instead of child error
+      if (sys_ret == -1) throw OSError("child exit", errno);
+
+      // Throw whatever information we have about child failure
+      throw CalledProcessError(err_buf);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+namespace detail {
+
+  void ArgumentDeducer::set_option(executable&& exe) {
+    popen_->exe_name_ = std::move(exe.arg_value);
+  }
+
+  void ArgumentDeducer::set_option(cwd&& cwdir) {
+    popen_->cwd_ = std::move(cwdir.arg_value);
+  }
+
+  void ArgumentDeducer::set_option(bufsiz&& bsiz) {
+    popen_->bufsiz_ = bsiz.bufsiz;
+  }
+
+  void ArgumentDeducer::set_option(environment&& env) {
+    popen_->env_ = std::move(env.env_);
+  }
+
+  void ArgumentDeducer::set_option(defer_spawn&& defer) {
+    popen_->defer_process_start_ = defer.defer;
+  }
+
+  void ArgumentDeducer::set_option(input&& inp) {
+    popen_->read_from_parent_ = inp.rd_ch_;
+    if (inp.wr_ch_ != -1) popen_->write_to_child_ = inp.wr_ch_;
+  }
+
+  void ArgumentDeducer::set_option(output&& out) {
+    popen_->write_to_parent_ = out.wr_ch_;
+    if (out.rd_ch_ != -1) popen_->read_from_child_ = out.rd_ch_;
+  }
+
+  void ArgumentDeducer::set_option(error&& err) {
+  }
+
+
+}; // end namespace detail
+
+
+};
diff --git a/test/test.cc b/test/test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cd453a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <utility>
+
+struct bufsize { int siz_; };
+struct executable { std::string exe_; };
+
+class Ex {
+public:
+    template <typename... Args>
+    Ex(Args&&... args) {
+        set_options(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void set_options(T&& arg) {
+        set_option(std::forward<T>(arg));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Args>
+    void set_options(T&& first, Args&&... rem_args) {
+        set_option(std::forward<T>(first));
+        set_options(std::forward<Args>(rem_args)...);
+    }
+
+    void set_option(bufsize&& bufs) {
+        std::cout << "bufsize opt" << std::endl;
+        bufsiz_ = bufs.siz_;
+    }
+    void set_option(executable&& exe) {
+        std::cout << "exe opt" << std::endl;
+        exe_name_ = std::move(exe.exe_);
+    }
+
+private:
+    int bufsiz_ = 0;
+    std::string exe_name_;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    Ex e(bufsize{1}, executable{"finger"});
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/test_split b/test/test_split
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5736605
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/test_split differ
diff --git a/test/test_split.cc b/test/test_split.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4de56c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_split.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+std::vector<std::string>
+split(const std::string& str, const std::string& delims=" \t")
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> res;
+    size_t init = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+      auto pos = str.find_first_of(delims, init);
+      if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+        res.emplace_back(str.substr(init, str.length()));
+        break;
+      }
+      res.emplace_back(str.substr(init, pos - init));
+      pos++;
+      init = pos;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+std::string join(const std::vector<std::string>& vec)
+{
+  std::string res;
+  for (auto& elem : vec) {
+  res.append(elem + " ");
+  }
+  res.erase(--res.end());
+  return res;
+}
+
+int main() {
+
+  auto vec = split ("a b c");
+  for (auto elem : vec) { std::cout << elem << std::endl; }
+
+  std::cout << join(vec).length() << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}