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@ -49,57 +49,52 @@ Ekspresi reguler di atas dapat menerima rangakaian kata `jo-hn_doe`,`jo-hn-doe`
## Daftar Isi :
- [Pencocokan Dasar](#1-basic-matchers)
- [Meta Characters](#2-meta-characters)
- [The Full Stop](#21-the-full-stops)
- [Character Sets](#22-character-sets)
- [Negated Character Sets](#221-negated-character-sets)
- [Repetitions](#23-repetitions)
- [The Star](#231-the-star)
- [The Plus](#232-the-plus)
- [The Question Mark](#233-the-question-mark)
- [Braces](#24-braces)
- [Capturing Groups](#25-capturing-groups)
- [Non-Capturing Groups](#251-non-capturing-groups)
- [Alternation](#26-alternation)
- [Escaping Special Characters](#27-escaping-special-characters)
- [Anchors](#28-anchors)
- [The Caret](#281-the-caret)
- [The Dollar Sign](#282-the-dollar-sign)
- [Shorthand Character Sets](#3-shorthand-character-sets)
- [Karakter Meta](#2-meta-characters)
- [Titik](#21-the-full-stops)
- [Set Karakter](#22-character-sets)
- [Set Karakter yang dinegasikan](#221-negated-character-sets)
- [Perulangan](#23-repetitions)
- [Tanda Bintang](#231-the-star)
- [Tanda Tambah](#232-the-plus)
- [Tanda Tanya](#233-the-question-mark)
- [Tanda Kurung](#24-braces)
- [Kelompok Penangkapan](#25-capturing-groups)
- [Kelompok non-Penangkapan](#251-non-capturing-groups)
- [Alternasi](#26-alternation)
- [Meloloskan Karakter khusus](#27-escaping-special-characters)
- [Penanda Posisi](#28-anchors)
- [Tanda Karat (Caret)](#281-the-caret)
- [Tanda Dolar](#282-the-dollar-sign)
- [Set Karakter Singkatan](#3-shorthand-character-sets)
- [Lookarounds](#4-lookarounds)
- [Positive Lookahead](#41-positive-lookahead)
- [Negative Lookahead](#42-negative-lookahead)
- [Positive Lookbehind](#43-positive-lookbehind)
- [Negative Lookbehind](#44-negative-lookbehind)
- [Positif Lookahead](#41-positive-lookahead)
- [Negatif Lookahead](#42-negative-lookahead)
- [Positif Lookbehind](#43-positive-lookbehind)
- [Negatif Lookbehind](#44-negative-lookbehind)
- [Flags](#5-flags)
- [Case Insensitive](#51-case-insensitive)
- [Global Search](#52-global-search)
- [Multiline](#53-multiline)
- [Greedy vs Lazy Matching](#6-greedy-vs-lazy-matching)
- [Sensitivitas Huruf (besar/kecil)](#51-case-insensitive)
- [Pencarian Global](#52-global-search)
- [Baris Berganda](#53-multiline)
- [Pencocokan Serakah vs Malas](#6-greedy-vs-lazy-matching)
## 1. Basic Matchers
A regular expression is just a pattern of characters that we use to perform a
search in a text. For example, the regular expression `the` means: the letter
`t`, followed by the letter `h`, followed by the letter `e`.
## 1. Pencocokan Dasar
Sebuah ekspresi reguler hanyalah pola karakter yang kita gunakan untuk melakukan pencarian dalam teks. Sebagai contoh, ekspresi reguler `the` berarti: huruf `t`, diikuti oleh huruf `h`, diikuti oleh huruf `e`.
<pre>
"the" => The fat cat sat on <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>the</strong></a> mat.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/dmRygT/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/dmRygT/1)
The regular expression `123` matches the string `123`. The regular expression is
matched against an input string by comparing each character in the regular
expression to each character in the input string, one after another. Regular
expressions are normally case-sensitive so the regular expression `The` would
not match the string `the`.
Ekspresi reguler `123` akan cocok dengan string `123`. Ekspresi reguler dicocokkan dengan string masukan dengan cara membandingkan setiap karakter dalam ekspresi reguler dengan setiap karakter dalam string masukan, satu per satu. Biasanya, ekspresi reguler bersifat case-sensitive (peka terhadap huruf besar/kecil), sehingga ekspresi reguler `The` tidak akan cocok dengan string `the`.
Ini berarti huruf besar dan huruf kecil dianggap berbeda dalam pencocokan pola menggunakan ekspresi reguler, kecuali jika diatur untuk mengabaikan perbedaan tersebut.
<pre>
"The" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> fat cat sat on the mat.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/1paXsy/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/1paXsy/1)
## 2. Meta Characters
@ -134,7 +129,7 @@ letter `a`, followed by the letter `r`.
".ar" => The <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>car</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>par</strong></a>ked in the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>gar</strong></a>age.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/xc9GkU/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/xc9GkU/1)
## 2.2 Character Sets
@ -148,7 +143,7 @@ doesn't matter. For example, the regular expression `[Tt]he` means: an uppercase
"[Tt]he" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> car parked in <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>the</strong></a> garage.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/2ITLQ4/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/2ITLQ4/1)
A period inside a character set, however, means a literal period. The regular
expression `ar[.]` means: a lowercase character `a`, followed by the letter `r`,
@ -158,7 +153,7 @@ followed by a period `.` character.
"ar[.]" => A garage is a good place to park a c<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>ar.</strong></a>
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/wL3xtE/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/wL3xtE/1)
### 2.2.1 Negated Character Sets
@ -171,7 +166,7 @@ followed by the character `a`, followed by the letter `r`.
"[^c]ar" => The car <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>par</strong></a>ked in the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>gar</strong></a>age.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/nNNlq3/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/nNNlq3/1)
## 2.3 Repetitions
@ -191,7 +186,7 @@ the repetitions of the whole character set. For example, the regular expression
"[a-z]*" => T<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>he</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>car</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>parked</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>in</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>the</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>garage</strong></a> #21.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/7m8me5/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/7m8me5/1)
The `*` symbol can be used with the meta character `.` to match any string of
characters `.*`. The `*` symbol can be used with the whitespace character `\s`
@ -204,7 +199,7 @@ followed by zero or more spaces.
"\s*cat\s*" => The fat<a href="#learn-regex"><strong> cat </strong></a>sat on the con<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>cat</strong></a>enation.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/gGrwuz/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/gGrwuz/1)
### 2.3.2 The Plus
@ -217,7 +212,7 @@ clarified that`t` is the last `t` in the sentence.
"c.+t" => The fat <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>cat sat on the mat</strong></a>.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/Dzf9Aa/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/Dzf9Aa/1)
### 2.3.3 The Question Mark
@ -230,13 +225,13 @@ For example, the regular expression `[T]?he` means: Optional uppercase
"[T]he" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> car is parked in the garage.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/cIg9zm/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/cIg9zm/1)
<pre>
"[T]?he" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> car is parked in t<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>he</strong></a> garage.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/kPpO2x/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/kPpO2x/1)
## 2.4 Braces
@ -249,7 +244,7 @@ repeated. For example, the regular expression `[0-9]{2,3}` means: Match at least
"[0-9]{2,3}" => The number was 9.<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>999</strong></a>7 but we rounded it off to <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>10</strong></a>.0.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/juM86s/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/juM86s/1)
We can leave out the second number. For example, the regular expression
`[0-9]{2,}` means: Match 2 or more digits. If we also remove the comma, the
@ -259,13 +254,13 @@ regular expression `[0-9]{3}` means: Match exactly 3 digits.
"[0-9]{2,}" => The number was 9.<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>9997</strong></a> but we rounded it off to <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>10</strong></a>.0.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/Gdy4w5/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/Gdy4w5/1)
<pre>
"[0-9]{3}" => The number was 9.<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>999</strong></a>7 but we rounded it off to 10.0.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/Sivu30/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/Sivu30/1)
## 2.5 Capturing Groups
@ -282,7 +277,7 @@ For example, the regular expression `(c|g|p)ar` means: a lowercase `c`,
"(c|g|p)ar" => The <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>car</strong></a> is <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>par</strong></a>ked in the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>gar</strong></a>age.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/tUxrBG/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/tUxrBG/1)
Note that capturing groups do not only match, but also capture, the characters for use in
the parent language. The parent language could be Python or JavaScript or virtually any
@ -299,7 +294,7 @@ within parentheses `(...)`. For example, the regular expression `(?:c|g|p)ar` is
"(?:c|g|p)ar" => The <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>car</strong></a> is <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>par</strong></a>ked in the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>gar</strong></a>age.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/Rm7Me8/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/Rm7Me8/1)
Non-capturing groups can come in handy when used in find-and-replace functionality or
when mixed with capturing groups to keep the overview when producing any other kind of output.
@ -322,7 +317,7 @@ in parentheses can be met and it will match.
"(T|t)he|car" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>car</strong></a> is parked in <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>the</strong></a> garage.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/fBXyX0/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/fBXyX0/1)
## 2.7 Escaping Special Characters
@ -339,7 +334,7 @@ character.
"(f|c|m)at\.?" => The <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>fat</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>cat</strong></a> sat on the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>mat.</strong></a>
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/DOc5Nu/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/DOc5Nu/1)
## 2.8 Anchors
@ -364,13 +359,13 @@ lowercase `h`, followed by a lowercase `e`.
"(T|t)he" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> car is parked in <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>the</strong></a> garage.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/5ljjgB/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/5ljjgB/1)
<pre>
"^(T|t)he" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> car is parked in the garage.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/jXrKne/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/jXrKne/1)
### 2.8.2 The Dollar Sign
@ -383,13 +378,13 @@ character and the matcher must be at the end of the string.
"(at\.)" => The fat c<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>at.</strong></a> s<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>at.</strong></a> on the m<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>at.</strong></a>
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/y4Au4D/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/y4Au4D/1)
<pre>
"(at\.)$" => The fat cat. sat. on the m<a href="#learn-regex"><strong>at.</strong></a>
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/t0AkOd/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/t0AkOd/1)
## 3. Shorthand Character Sets
@ -442,7 +437,7 @@ or `the` only if it's followed by the word `fat`.
"(T|t)he(?=\sfat)" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> fat cat sat on the mat.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/IDDARt/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/IDDARt/1)
### 4.2 Negative Lookahead
@ -457,7 +452,7 @@ from the input string that are not followed by a space character and the word `f
"(T|t)he(?!\sfat)" => The fat cat sat on <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>the</strong></a> mat.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/V32Npg/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/V32Npg/1)
### 4.3 Positive Lookbehind
@ -470,7 +465,7 @@ from the input string that come after the word `The` or `the`.
"(?<=(T|t)he\s)(fat|mat)" => The <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>fat</strong></a> cat sat on the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>mat</strong></a>.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/avH165/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/avH165/1)
### 4.4 Negative Lookbehind
@ -483,7 +478,7 @@ string that are not after the word `The` or `the`.
"(?&lt;!(T|t)he\s)(cat)" => The cat sat on <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>cat</strong></a>.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/8Efx5G/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/8Efx5G/1)
## 5. Flags
@ -510,13 +505,13 @@ whole input string.
"The" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> fat cat sat on the mat.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/dpQyf9/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/dpQyf9/1)
<pre>
"/The/gi" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The</strong></a> fat cat sat on <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>the</strong></a> mat.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/ahfiuh/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/ahfiuh/1)
### 5.2 Global Search
@ -530,13 +525,13 @@ the regular expression, it will now find all matches in the input string, not ju
"/.(at)/" => The <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>fat</strong></a> cat sat on the mat.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/jnk6gM/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/jnk6gM/1)
<pre>
"/.(at)/g" => The <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>fat</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>cat</strong></a> <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>sat</strong></a> on the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>mat</strong></a>.
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/dO1nef/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/dO1nef/1)
### 5.3 Multiline
@ -554,7 +549,7 @@ at the end of each line in a string.
on the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>mat.</strong></a>
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/hoGMkP/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/hoGMkP/1)
<pre>
"/.at(.)?$/gm" => The <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>fat</strong></a>
@ -562,7 +557,7 @@ at the end of each line in a string.
on the <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>mat.</strong></a>
</pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/E88WE2/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/E88WE2/1)
## 6. Greedy vs Lazy Matching
By default, a regex will perform a greedy match, which means the match will be as long as
@ -572,13 +567,13 @@ possible. We can use `?` to match in a lazy way, which means the match should be
"/(.*at)/" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The fat cat sat on the mat</strong></a>. </pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/AyAdgJ/1)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/AyAdgJ/1)
<pre>
"/(.*?at)/" => <a href="#learn-regex"><strong>The fat</strong></a> cat sat on the mat. </pre>
[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/AyAdgJ/2)
[Uji Ekspresi Reguler](https://regex101.com/r/AyAdgJ/2)
## Contribution