From b617729b2575ab3a30a2d01cac3697620cab1ac3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Bueltge Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 15:26:55 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Update chanpte 2 --- translations/README-de.md | 112 ++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-) diff --git a/translations/README-de.md b/translations/README-de.md index bbb2c4d..b8b0946 100644 --- a/translations/README-de.md +++ b/translations/README-de.md @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Der abgebildete reguläre Ausdruck erlaubt bspw. folgende Eingaben `john_doe`, ` - [Basis Vergleiche](#1-basic-matchers) - [Sonderzeichen](#2-meta-characters) - [Punkt](#21-full-stop) - - [Character set](#22-character-set) + - [Zeichensätze](#22-zeichensaetze) - [Invertierter Zeichensatz](#221-negated-character-set) - [Wiederholungen](#23-repetitions) - [Stern *](#231-the-star) @@ -111,29 +111,21 @@ Sonderzeichen sind Bausteine von regulären Ausdrücken. Sonderzeichen stehen ni ## 2.1 Punkt Der Punkt `.` ist die einfachste Möglichkeit von Sonderzeichen. Das Sonderzeichen `.` - entspricht jedem einzelnen Zeichen. It will not match return or newline characters. -For example, the regular expression `.ar` means: any character, followed by the -letter `a`, followed by the letter `r`. + entspricht jedem einzelnen Zeichen. Es wird kein Zeilenumbruch oder Enter-Zeichen gefunden. Als Beispiel, der reguläre Ausdruck `.ar` bedeutet: ein beliebiges Zeichen, gefolgt von dem Buchstaben `a`, gefolgt vom Buchstaben `r`. 
 ".ar" => The car parked in the garage.
+[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/xc9GkU/1) -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/xc9GkU/1) +## 2.2 Zeichensätze -## 2.2 Character set - -Character sets are also called character class. Square brackets are used to -specify character sets. Use a hyphen inside a character set to specify the -characters' range. The order of the character range inside square brackets -doesn't matter. For example, the regular expression `[Tt]he` means: an uppercase -`T` or lowercase `t`, followed by the letter `h`, followed by the letter `e`. +Zeichensätze werden auch als Zeichenklasse bezeichnet. Zeichensätze werden in eckige Klammern angegeben. Um den Bereich der Zeichen anzugeben ist ein Bindestrich zu verwenden. Die Reihenfolge des Bereiches in den eckigen Klammern spielt keine Rolle. Zum Beispiel bedeutet der reguläre Ausdruck `[Tt]he`: ein groß geschriebenes `T` oder ein kleingeschriebenes `t`, gefolgt vom Buchstaben `h` und weiter gefolgt vom Buchstaben `e`. 
 "[Tt]he" => The car parked in the garage.
- -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/2ITLQ4/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/2ITLQ4/1) A period inside a character set, however, means a literal period. The regular expression `ar[.]` means: a lowercase character `a`, followed by letter `r`, @@ -143,20 +135,20 @@ followed by a period `.` character. "ar[.]" => A garage is a good place to park a car. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/wL3xtE/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/wL3xtE/1) ### 2.2.1 Negated character set In general, the caret symbol represents the start of the string, but when it is typed after the opening square bracket it negates the character set. For -example, the regular expression `[^c]ar` means: any character except `c`, +example, der reguläre Ausdruck `[^c]ar` means: any character except `c`, followed by the character `a`, followed by the letter `r`. 
 "[^c]ar" => The car parked in the garage.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/nNNlq3/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/nNNlq3/1) ## 2.3 Repetitions @@ -169,14 +161,14 @@ situations. The symbol `*` matches zero or more repetitions of the preceding matcher. The regular expression `a*` means: zero or more repetitions of preceding lowercase character `a`. But if it appears after a character set or class then it finds -the repetitions of the whole character set. For example, the regular expression +the repetitions of the whole character set. For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `[a-z]*` means: any number of lowercase letters in a row. 
 "[a-z]*" => The car parked in the garage #21.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/7m8me5/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/7m8me5/1) The `*` symbol can be used with the meta character `.` to match any string of characters `.*`. The `*` symbol can be used with the whitespace character `\s` @@ -189,12 +181,12 @@ followed by zero or more spaces. "\s*cat\s*" => The fat cat sat on the concatenation. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/gGrwuz/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/gGrwuz/1) ### 2.3.2 The Plus The symbol `+` matches one or more repetitions of the preceding character. For -example, the regular expression `c.+t` means: lowercase letter `c`, followed by +example, der reguläre Ausdruck `c.+t` means: lowercase letter `c`, followed by at least one character, followed by the lowercase character `t`. It needs to be clarified that `t` is the last `t` in the sentence. @@ -202,13 +194,13 @@ clarified that `t` is the last `t` in the sentence. "c.+t" => The fat cat sat on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/Dzf9Aa/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/Dzf9Aa/1) ### 2.3.3 The Question Mark In regular expression the meta character `?` makes the preceding character optional. This symbol matches zero or one instance of the preceding character. -For example, the regular expression `[T]?he` means: Optional the uppercase +For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `[T]?he` means: Optional the uppercase letter `T`, followed by the lowercase character `h`, followed by the lowercase character `e`. @@ -216,28 +208,28 @@ character `e`. "[T]he" => The car is parked in the garage. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/cIg9zm/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/cIg9zm/1) 
 "[T]?he" => The car is parked in the garage.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/kPpO2x/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/kPpO2x/1) ## 2.4 Braces In regular expression braces that are also called quantifiers are used to specify the number of times that a character or a group of characters can be -repeated. For example, the regular expression `[0-9]{2,3}` means: Match at least +repeated. For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `[0-9]{2,3}` means: Match at least 2 digits but not more than 3 ( characters in the range of 0 to 9). 
 "[0-9]{2,3}" => The number was 9.9997 but we rounded it off to 10.0.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/juM86s/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/juM86s/1) -We can leave out the second number. For example, the regular expression +We can leave out the second number. For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `[0-9]{2,}` means: Match 2 or more digits. If we also remove the comma the regular expression `[0-9]{3}` means: Match exactly 3 digits. @@ -245,13 +237,13 @@ regular expression `[0-9]{3}` means: Match exactly 3 digits. "[0-9]{2,}" => The number was 9.9997 but we rounded it off to 10.0. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/Gdy4w5/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/Gdy4w5/1) 
 "[0-9]{3}" => The number was 9.9997 but we rounded it off to 10.0.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/Sivu30/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/Sivu30/1) ## 2.5 Capturing Group @@ -259,16 +251,16 @@ A capturing group is a group of sub-patterns that is written inside Parentheses `(...)`. Like as we discussed before that in regular expression if we put a quantifier after a character then it will repeat the preceding character. But if we put quantifier after a capturing group then it repeats the whole capturing group. For example, -the regular expression `(ab)*` matches zero or more repetitions of the character +der reguläre Ausdruck `(ab)*` matches zero or more repetitions of the character "ab". We can also use the alternation `|` meta character inside capturing group. -For example, the regular expression `(c|g|p)ar` means: lowercase character `c`, +For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `(c|g|p)ar` means: lowercase character `c`, `g` or `p`, followed by character `a`, followed by character `r`. 
 "(c|g|p)ar" => The car is parked in the garage.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/tUxrBG/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/tUxrBG/1) Note that capturing groups do not only match but also capture the characters for use in the parent language. The parent language could be python or javascript or virtually any @@ -278,14 +270,14 @@ language that implements regular expressions in a function definition. A non-capturing group is a capturing group that only matches the characters, but does not capture the group. A non-capturing group is denoted by a `?` followed by a `:` -within parenthesis `(...)`. For example, the regular expression `(?:c|g|p)ar` is similar to +within parenthesis `(...)`. For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `(?:c|g|p)ar` is similar to `(c|g|p)ar` in that it matches the same characters but will not create a capture group. 
 "(?:c|g|p)ar" => The car is parked in the garage.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/Rm7Me8/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/Rm7Me8/1) Non-capturing groups can come in handy when used in find-and-replace functionality or when mixed with capturing groups to keep the overview when producing any other kind of output. @@ -308,7 +300,7 @@ in parentheses can be met and it will match. "(T|t)he|car" => The car is parked in the garage. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/fBXyX0/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/fBXyX0/1) ## 2.7 Escaping special character @@ -317,8 +309,8 @@ allows us to specify a symbol as a matching character including reserved characters `{ } [ ] / \ + * . $ ^ | ?`. To use a special character as a matching character prepend `\` before it. -For example, the regular expression `.` is used to match any character except -newline. Now to match `.` in an input string the regular expression +For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `.` is used to match any character except +newline. Now to match `.` in an input string der reguläre Ausdruck `(f|c|m)at\.?` means: lowercase letter `f`, `c` or `m`, followed by lowercase character `a`, followed by lowercase letter `t`, followed by optional `.` character. @@ -327,7 +319,7 @@ character. "(f|c|m)at\.?" => The fat cat sat on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/DOc5Nu/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/DOc5Nu/1) ## 2.8 Anchors @@ -352,13 +344,13 @@ lowercase character `h`, followed by lowercase character `e`. "(T|t)he" => The car is parked in the garage. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/5ljjgB/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/5ljjgB/1) 
 "^(T|t)he" => The car is parked in the garage.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/jXrKne/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/jXrKne/1) ### 2.8.2 Dollar @@ -371,13 +363,13 @@ character and the matcher must be end of the string. "(at\.)" => The fat cat. sat. on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/y4Au4D/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/y4Au4D/1) 
 "(at\.)$" => The fat cat. sat. on the mat.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/t0AkOd/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/t0AkOd/1) ## 3. Shorthand Character Sets @@ -421,7 +413,7 @@ followed by the lookahead expression. The returned match only contains the text that is matched by the first part of the expression. To define a positive lookahead, parentheses are used. Within those parentheses, a question mark with equal sign is used like this: `(?=...)`. Lookahead expression is written after -the equal sign inside parentheses. For example, the regular expression +the equal sign inside parentheses. For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `(T|t)he(?=\sfat)` means: optionally match lowercase letter `t` or uppercase letter `T`, followed by letter `h`, followed by letter `e`. In parentheses we define positive lookahead which tells regular expression engine to match `The` @@ -431,7 +423,7 @@ or `the` which are followed by the word `fat`. "(T|t)he(?=\sfat)" => The fat cat sat on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/IDDARt/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/IDDARt/1) ### 4.2 Negative Lookahead @@ -447,7 +439,7 @@ character. "(T|t)he(?!\sfat)" => The fat cat sat on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/V32Npg/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/V32Npg/1) ### 4.3 Positive Lookbehind @@ -460,7 +452,7 @@ from input string that are after the word `The` or `the`. "(?<=(T|t)he\s)(fat|mat)" => The fat cat sat on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/avH165/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/avH165/1) ### 4.4 Negative Lookbehind @@ -473,7 +465,7 @@ string that are not after the word `The` or `the`. "(?<!(T|t)he\s)(cat)" => The cat sat on cat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/8Efx5G/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/8Efx5G/1) ## 5. Flags @@ -492,7 +484,7 @@ integral part of the RegExp. The `i` modifier is used to perform case-insensitive matching. For example, the regular expression `/The/gi` means: uppercase letter `T`, followed by lowercase character `h`, followed by character `e`. And at the end of regular expression -the `i` flag tells the regular expression engine to ignore the case. As you can +the `i` flag tells der reguläre Ausdruck engine to ignore the case. As you can see we also provided `g` flag because we want to search for the pattern in the whole input string. @@ -500,40 +492,40 @@ whole input string. "The" => The fat cat sat on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/dpQyf9/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/dpQyf9/1) 
 "/The/gi" => The fat cat sat on the mat.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/ahfiuh/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/ahfiuh/1) ### 5.2 Global search The `g` modifier is used to perform a global match (find all matches rather than -stopping after the first match). For example, the regular expression`/.(at)/g` +stopping after the first match). For example, der reguläre Ausdruck`/.(at)/g` means: any character except new line, followed by lowercase character `a`, followed by lowercase character `t`. Because we provided `g` flag at the end of -the regular expression now it will find all matches in the input string, not just the first one (which is the default behavior). +der reguläre Ausdruck now it will find all matches in the input string, not just the first one (which is the default behavior). 
 "/.(at)/" => The fat cat sat on the mat.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/jnk6gM/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/jnk6gM/1) 
 "/.(at)/g" => The fat cat sat on the mat.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/dO1nef/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/dO1nef/1) ### 5.3 Multiline The `m` modifier is used to perform a multi-line match. As we discussed earlier anchors `(^, $)` are used to check if pattern is the beginning of the input or end of the input string. But if we want that anchors works on each line we use -`m` flag. For example, the regular expression `/at(.)?$/gm` means: lowercase +`m` flag. For example, der reguläre Ausdruck `/at(.)?$/gm` means: lowercase character `a`, followed by lowercase character `t`, optionally anything except new line. And because of `m` flag now regular expression engine matches pattern at the end of each line in a string. @@ -544,7 +536,7 @@ at the end of each line in a string. on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/hoGMkP/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/hoGMkP/1) 
 "/.at(.)?$/gm" => The fat
@@ -552,7 +544,7 @@ at the end of each line in a string.
                   on the mat.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/E88WE2/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/E88WE2/1) ## 6. Greedy vs lazy matching By default regex will do greedy matching , means it will match as long as @@ -562,13 +554,13 @@ possible. we can use `?` to match in lazy way means as short as possible "/(.*at)/" => The fat cat sat on the mat. -[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/AyAdgJ/1) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/AyAdgJ/1) 
 "/(.*?at)/" => The fat cat sat on the mat.
-[Test the regular expression](https://regex101.com/r/AyAdgJ/2) +[Teste den regulären Ausdruck](https://regex101.com/r/AyAdgJ/2) ## Contribution