From 3291372c571d8ae654589f1ffe65c42e8c5b1c63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: kbkpbot <kbkpbot@sina.com>
Date: Thu, 8 May 2025 16:09:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] vlib,tools: add an `arrays.diff` module, implement a simple
 platform independent tool `v diff file1.txt file2.txt` using it (#24428)

---
 cmd/tools/vdiff.v            |  37 +++++
 cmd/v/v.v                    |   1 +
 examples/diff.v              |  41 +++++
 vlib/arrays/diff/diff.v      | 296 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 vlib/arrays/diff/diff_test.v | 130 +++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 505 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 cmd/tools/vdiff.v
 create mode 100644 examples/diff.v
 create mode 100644 vlib/arrays/diff/diff.v
 create mode 100644 vlib/arrays/diff/diff_test.v

diff --git a/cmd/tools/vdiff.v b/cmd/tools/vdiff.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..819cd47963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/tools/vdiff.v
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import os
+import flag
+import term
+import arrays.diff
+
+fn main() {
+	mut fp := flag.new_flag_parser(os.args[1..])
+	fp.application('v diff')
+	fp.version('0.0.1')
+	fp.description('Compare files line by line. Example: `v diff examples/hello_world.v examples/log.v`')
+	fp.arguments_description('file1 file2')
+	fp.skip_executable()
+	fp.limit_free_args_to_at_least(2)!
+
+	if fp.bool('help', `h`, false, 'Show this help screen.') {
+		println(fp.usage())
+		exit(0)
+	}
+
+	args := fp.finalize() or {
+		eprintln('Argument error: ${err}')
+		exit(1)
+	}
+
+	src := os.read_lines(args[0])!
+	dst := os.read_lines(args[1])!
+	mut ctx := diff.diff(src, dst)
+	patch := ctx.generate_patch(
+		colorful:     term.can_show_color_on_stdout()
+		block_header: true
+		unified:      3
+	)
+	if patch.len > 0 {
+		print(patch)
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/cmd/v/v.v b/cmd/v/v.v
index b777d7598c..e97ab61eef 100644
--- a/cmd/v/v.v
+++ b/cmd/v/v.v
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const external_tools = [
 	'complete',
 	'compress',
 	'cover',
+	'diff',
 	'doc',
 	'doctor',
 	'download',
diff --git a/examples/diff.v b/examples/diff.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a03ae0b4cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/diff.v
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+module main
+
+import arrays.diff
+import os
+
+// diff_files generate diff for two files.
+fn diff_files(src_file string, dst_file string) !string {
+	src := os.read_lines(src_file)!
+	dst := os.read_lines(dst_file)!
+
+	mut ctx := diff.diff(src, dst)
+	return ctx.generate_patch(colorful: true, block_header: true)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	f1 := "Module{
+	name: 'Foo'
+	description: 'Awesome V module.'
+	version: '0.0.0'
+	dependencies: []
+}
+"
+	f2 := "Module{
+	name: 'foo'
+	description: 'Awesome V module.'
+	version: '0.1.0'
+	license: 'MIT'
+	dependencies: []
+}
+"
+	p1 := 'diff_f1.txt'
+	p2 := 'diff_f2.txt'
+	os.write_file(p1, f1)!
+	os.write_file(p2, f2)!
+
+	str := diff_files(p1, p2)!
+	println(str)
+
+	os.rm(p1)!
+	os.rm(p2)!
+}
diff --git a/vlib/arrays/diff/diff.v b/vlib/arrays/diff/diff.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6ec01618d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vlib/arrays/diff/diff.v
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+module diff
+
+import strings
+
+// DiffChange contains one or more deletions or inserts
+// at one position in two arrays.
+pub struct DiffChange {
+pub mut:
+	a   int // position in input a []T
+	b   int // position in input b []T
+	del int // delete Del elements from input a
+	ins int // insert Ins elements from input b
+}
+
+@[flag]
+enum DiffContextFlag {
+	delete
+	insert
+}
+
+pub struct DiffContext[T] {
+mut:
+	a     []T
+	b     []T
+	flags []DiffContextFlag
+	max   int
+	// forward and reverse d-path endpoint x components
+	forward []int
+	reverse []int
+pub mut:
+	changes []DiffChange
+}
+
+// diff returns the difference of two arrays.
+pub fn diff[T](a []T, b []T) &DiffContext[T] {
+	mut c := &DiffContext[T]{
+		a: a
+		b: b
+	}
+	c.flags = if a.len > b.len {
+		[]DiffContextFlag{len: a.len}
+	} else {
+		[]DiffContextFlag{len: b.len}
+	}
+	c.max = a.len + b.len + 1
+	c.forward = []int{len: 2 * c.max}
+	c.reverse = []int{len: 2 * c.max}
+	c.compare(0, 0, a.len, b.len)
+	c.changes = c.result(a.len, b.len)
+	return c
+}
+
+// A directly conversion from https://github.com/covrom/diff
+// Fast diff library for Myers algorithm.
+// The algorithm is described in "An O(ND) Difference Algorithm and its Variations", Eugene Myers, Algorithmica Vol. 1 No. 2, 1986, pp. 251-266
+@[direct_array_access]
+fn (mut c DiffContext[T]) compare(mut_aoffset int, mut_boffset int, mut_alimit int, mut_blimit int) {
+	mut aoffset := mut_aoffset
+	mut boffset := mut_boffset
+	mut alimit := mut_alimit
+	mut blimit := mut_blimit
+	// eat common prefix
+	for aoffset < alimit && boffset < blimit && c.a[aoffset] == c.b[boffset] {
+		aoffset++
+		boffset++
+	}
+	// eat common suffix
+	for alimit > aoffset && blimit > boffset && c.a[alimit - 1] == c.b[blimit - 1] {
+		alimit--
+		blimit--
+	}
+	// both equal or b inserts
+	if aoffset == alimit {
+		for boffset < blimit {
+			c.flags[boffset].set(.insert)
+			boffset++
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	// a deletes
+	if boffset == blimit {
+		for aoffset < alimit {
+			c.flags[aoffset].set(.delete)
+			aoffset++
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	x, y := c.find_middle_snake(aoffset, boffset, alimit, blimit)
+	c.compare(aoffset, boffset, x, y)
+	c.compare(x, y, alimit, blimit)
+}
+
+@[direct_array_access]
+fn (mut c DiffContext[T]) find_middle_snake(aoffset int, boffset int, alimit int, blimit int) (int, int) {
+	// midpoints
+	fmid := aoffset - boffset
+	rmid := alimit - blimit
+	// correct offset in d-path slices
+	foff := c.max - fmid
+	roff := c.max - rmid
+	isodd := (rmid - fmid) & 1 != 0
+	maxd := (alimit - aoffset + blimit - boffset + 2) / 2
+	c.forward[c.max + 1] = aoffset
+	c.reverse[c.max - 1] = alimit
+	mut x, mut y := 0, 0
+	for d := 0; d <= maxd; d++ {
+		// forward search
+		for k := fmid - d; k <= fmid + d; k += 2 {
+			if k == fmid - d || (k != fmid + d && c.forward[foff + k + 1] > c.forward[foff + k - 1]) {
+				x = c.forward[foff + k + 1] // down
+			} else {
+				x = c.forward[foff + k - 1] + 1 // right
+			}
+			y = x - k
+			for x < alimit && y < blimit && c.a[x] == c.b[y] {
+				x++
+				y++
+			}
+			c.forward[foff + k] = x
+			if isodd && k > rmid - d && k < rmid + d {
+				if c.reverse[roff + k] <= c.forward[foff + k] {
+					return x, x - k
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// reverse search x,y correspond to u,v
+		for k := rmid - d; k <= rmid + d; k += 2 {
+			if k == rmid + d || (k != rmid - d && c.reverse[roff + k - 1] < c.reverse[roff + k + 1]) {
+				x = c.reverse[roff + k - 1] // up
+			} else {
+				x = c.reverse[roff + k + 1] - 1 // left
+			}
+			y = x - k
+			for x > aoffset && y > boffset && c.a[x - 1] == c.b[y - 1] {
+				x--
+				y--
+			}
+			c.reverse[roff + k] = x
+			if !isodd && k >= fmid - d && k <= fmid + d {
+				if c.reverse[roff + k] <= c.forward[foff + k] {
+					// lookup opposite end
+					x = c.forward[foff + k]
+					return x, x - k
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	panic('diff.find_middle_snake: should never be reached')
+}
+
+@[direct_array_access]
+fn (c DiffContext[T]) result(n int, m int) []DiffChange {
+	mut x, mut y := 0, 0
+	mut res := []DiffChange{}
+	for x < n || y < m {
+		if x < n && y < m && !c.flags[x].has(.delete) && !c.flags[y].has(.insert) {
+			x++
+			y++
+		} else {
+			mut a := x
+			mut b := y
+			for x < n && (y >= m || c.flags[x].has(.delete)) {
+				x++
+			}
+			for y < m && (x >= n || c.flags[y].has(.insert)) {
+				y++
+			}
+			if a < x || b < y {
+				res << DiffChange{a, b, x - a, y - b}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+// merge_changes merges neighboring changes smaller than the specified context_lines.
+// The changes must be ordered by ascending positions.
+@[direct_array_access]
+fn (mut c DiffContext[T]) merge_changes(context_lines int) {
+	if c.changes.len == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	mut merged := []DiffChange{}
+	mut current := c.changes[0]
+
+	for i in 1 .. c.changes.len {
+		next := c.changes[i]
+		if next.a <= current.a + current.del + context_lines {
+			current = DiffChange{
+				a:   current.a
+				b:   current.b
+				del: next.a + next.del - current.a
+				ins: next.b + next.ins - current.b
+			}
+		} else {
+			merged << current
+			current = next
+		}
+	}
+	merged << current
+	c.changes = merged
+}
+
+@[params]
+pub struct DiffGenStrParam {
+pub mut:
+	colorful     bool
+	unified      int = 3 // how many context lines before/after diff block
+	block_header bool // output `@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@` or not
+}
+
+// generate_patch generate a diff string of two arrays.
+@[direct_array_access]
+pub fn (mut c DiffContext[T]) generate_patch(param DiffGenStrParam) string {
+	mut sb := strings.new_builder(100)
+	defer { unsafe { sb.free() } }
+
+	mut unified := if param.unified < 0 { 0 } else { param.unified }
+
+	c.merge_changes(unified)
+	if c.changes.len == 0 {
+		return ''
+	}
+
+	mut prev_a_end := 0
+	mut prev_b_end := 0
+
+	for change in c.changes {
+		ctx_start_a := int_max(prev_a_end, change.a - unified)
+		ctx_end_a := change.a + change.del + unified
+		ctx_start_b := int_max(prev_b_end, change.b - unified)
+		ctx_end_b := change.b + change.ins + unified
+
+		if param.block_header {
+			if param.colorful {
+				sb.write_string('\033[36m')
+			}
+			sb.writeln('@@ -${ctx_start_a + 1},${ctx_end_a - ctx_start_a} +${ctx_start_b + 1},${ctx_end_b - ctx_start_b} @@')
+			if param.colorful {
+				sb.write_string('\033[0m')
+			}
+		}
+
+		c.write_context(mut sb, ctx_start_b, change.b, param)
+		c.write_change(mut sb, change, param)
+		c.write_context(mut sb, change.b + change.ins, ctx_end_b, param)
+
+		prev_a_end = ctx_end_a
+		prev_b_end = ctx_end_b
+	}
+
+	return sb.str()
+}
+
+@[direct_array_access]
+fn (c DiffContext[T]) write_context(mut sb strings.Builder,
+	start int, end int,
+	param DiffGenStrParam) {
+	for i in start .. end {
+		if i >= c.b.len {
+			break
+		}
+
+		line := c.b[i].str()
+
+		if param.colorful {
+			sb.writeln('\033[37m${line}\033[0m')
+		} else {
+			sb.writeln(line)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+@[direct_array_access]
+fn (c DiffContext[T]) write_change(mut sb strings.Builder,
+	change DiffChange,
+	param DiffGenStrParam) {
+	for i in change.a .. change.a + change.del {
+		line := c.a[i].str()
+		if param.colorful {
+			sb.writeln('\033[31m-${line}\033[0m')
+		} else {
+			sb.writeln('-${line}')
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i in change.b .. change.b + change.ins {
+		line := c.b[i].str()
+		if param.colorful {
+			sb.writeln('\033[32m+${line}\033[0m')
+		} else {
+			sb.writeln('+${line}')
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/vlib/arrays/diff/diff_test.v b/vlib/arrays/diff/diff_test.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3caf57e426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vlib/arrays/diff/diff_test.v
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import arrays.diff
+
+fn test_diff_array() {
+	mut aa := ['hi', '1', '5', '3']
+	mut bb := aa.clone()
+	mut ctx := diff.diff(aa, bb)
+	assert ctx.changes.len == 0
+	bb.insert(2, 'max')
+	// aa := ['hi', '1', '5', '3']
+	// bb := ['hi', '1', 'max', '5', '3']
+	ctx = diff.diff(aa, bb)
+	assert ctx.changes == [
+		diff.DiffChange{
+			a:   2
+			b:   2
+			del: 0
+			ins: 1
+		},
+	]
+
+	bb.delete(4)
+	// aa := ['hi', '1', '5', '3']
+	// bb := ['hi', '1', 'max', '5']
+	ctx = diff.diff(aa, bb)
+	assert ctx.changes == [
+		diff.DiffChange{
+			a:   2
+			b:   2
+			del: 0
+			ins: 1
+		},
+		diff.DiffChange{
+			a:   3
+			b:   4
+			del: 1
+			ins: 0
+		},
+	]
+
+	str1 := ctx.generate_patch()
+	assert str1 == 'hi
+1
+-5
+-3
++max
++5
+'
+
+	str2 := ctx.generate_patch(block_header: true)
+	assert str2 == '@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+hi
+1
+-5
+-3
++max
++5
+'
+
+	str3 := ctx.generate_patch(block_header: true, unified: 1)
+	assert str3 == '@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
+1
+-5
+-3
++max
++5
+'
+	str4 := ctx.generate_patch(block_header: true, unified: 10)
+	assert str4 == '@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
+hi
+1
+-5
+-3
++max
++5
+'
+
+	str5 := ctx.generate_patch(block_header: true, unified: -1)
+	assert str5 == '@@ -3,2 +3,2 @@
+-5
+-3
++max
++5
+'
+}
+
+fn test_diff_runes() {
+	mut aa := 'brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'.runes()
+	mut bb := 'brwn faax junps ovver the lay daog'.runes()
+	mut ctx := diff.diff(aa, bb)
+
+	str1 := ctx.generate_patch()
+	assert str1 == 'b
+r
+-o
+w
+n
+ 
+f
+-o
++a
++a
+x
+ 
+j
+u
+-m
++n
+p
+s
+ 
+o
++v
+v
+e
+r
+ 
+l
+a
+-z
+-y
+- 
+-d
++y
++ 
++d
++a
+o
+g
+'
+}