checker: add missing check for ref passing to non-ref (#22194)

examples/gg/path_finding_algorithm_visualizer/aStar.v

@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ fn astar_path_finding(mut app App, mut grid [][]Cell, start Point, end Point) {
 
 	g_score[start.x][start.y] = 0
 	f_score[start.x][start.y] = g_score[start.x][start.y] + hf(start, end)
-	priority_queue.insert(&Node{
+	priority_queue.insert(Node{
 		f_score: f_score[start.x][start.y]
 		cell:    &Point{
 			x: start.x
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ fn astar_path_finding(mut app App, mut grid [][]Cell, start Point, end Point) {
 			if temp_g_score < g_score[neighbor.x][neighbor.y] {
 				g_score[neighbor.x][neighbor.y] = temp_g_score
 				if !(neighbor.x == start.x && neighbor.y == start.y) {
-					priority_queue.insert(&Node{
+					priority_queue.insert(Node{
 						f_score: g_score[neighbor.x][neighbor.y] + hf(neighbor, end)
 						cell:    neighbor
 						count:   curr_node.count + 1

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/element.v

@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ pub fn (mut v Element) pow_22523(x Element) Element {
 	for i := 1; i < 100; i++ { // 2^200 - 2^100
 		t2.square(t2)
 	}
-	t1.multiply(t2, &t1) // 2^200 - 1
+	t1.multiply(t2, t1) // 2^200 - 1
 	t1.square(t1) // 2^201 - 2
 	for i := 1; i < 50; i++ { // 2^250 - 2^50
 		t1.square(t1)

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/extra.v

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ fn (mut v Point) bytes_montgomery_generic(mut buf [32]u8) []u8 {
 	mut u := Element{}
 
 	y.multiply(v.y, y.invert(v.z)) // y = Y / Z
-	recip.invert(recip.subtract(fe_one, &y)) // r = 1/(1 - y)
+	recip.invert(recip.subtract(fe_one, y)) // r = 1/(1 - y)
 	u.multiply(u.add(fe_one, y), recip) // u = (1 + y)*r
 
 	return copy_field_element(mut buf, mut u)

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/point.v

@@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ fn (mut v ProjectiveP1) sub(p Point, q ProjectiveCached) ProjectiveP1 {
 	ypx.add(p.y, p.x)
 	ymx.subtract(p.y, p.x)
 
-	pp.multiply(&ypx, q.ymx) // flipped sign
-	mm.multiply(&ymx, q.ypx) // flipped sign
+	pp.multiply(ypx, q.ymx) // flipped sign
+	mm.multiply(ymx, q.ypx) // flipped sign
 	tt2d.multiply(p.t, q.t2d)
 	zz2.multiply(p.z, q.z)
 
@@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ fn (mut v ProjectiveP1) add_affine(p Point, q AffineCached) ProjectiveP1 {
 	ypx.add(p.y, p.x)
 	ymx.subtract(p.y, p.x)
 
-	pp.multiply(&ypx, q.ypx)
-	mm.multiply(&ymx, q.ymx)
+	pp.multiply(ypx, q.ypx)
+	mm.multiply(ymx, q.ymx)
 	tt2d.multiply(p.t, q.t2d)
 
 	z2.add(p.z, p.z)

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/table.v

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ fn (mut v ProjLookupTable) select_into(mut dest ProjectiveCached, x i8) {
 	for j := 1; j <= 8; j++ {
 		// Set dest = j*Q if |x| = j
 		cond := subtle.constant_time_byte_eq(xabs, u8(j))
-		dest.selected(&v.points[j - 1], dest, cond)
+		dest.selected(v.points[j - 1], dest, cond)
 	}
 	// Now dest = |x|*Q, conditionally negate to get x*Q
 	dest.cond_neg(int(xmask & 1))

vlib/net/tcp.c.v

@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ pub fn (mut s TcpSocket) set_option_bool(opt SocketOption, value bool) ! {
 	// 	return err_option_wrong_type
 	// }
 	x := int(value)
-	s.set_option(C.SOL_SOCKET, int(opt), &x)!
+	s.set_option(C.SOL_SOCKET, int(opt), x)!
 }
 
 pub fn (mut s TcpSocket) set_option_int(opt SocketOption, value int) ! {
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ pub fn (mut s TcpSocket) set_option_int(opt SocketOption, value int) ! {
 
 pub fn (mut s TcpSocket) set_dualstack(on bool) ! {
 	x := int(!on)
-	s.set_option(C.IPPROTO_IPV6, int(SocketOption.ipv6_only), &x)!
+	s.set_option(C.IPPROTO_IPV6, int(SocketOption.ipv6_only), x)!
 }
 
 fn (mut s TcpSocket) set_default_options() ! {

vlib/net/unix/stream.c.v

@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ pub fn (mut s StreamSocket) set_option_bool(opt net.SocketOption, value bool) !
 		return net.err_option_wrong_type
 	}
 	x := int(value)
-	s.set_option(C.SOL_SOCKET, int(opt), &x)!
+	s.set_option(C.SOL_SOCKET, int(opt), x)!
 }
 
 // set_option_bool sets an int option on the socket

vlib/v/ast/ast.v

@@ -2579,6 +2579,23 @@ fn gen_all_registers(mut t Table, without_numbers []string, with_numbers map[str
 	return res
 }
 
+pub fn (expr Expr) is_reference() bool {
+	return match expr {
+		PrefixExpr {
+			expr.op == .amp
+		}
+		UnsafeExpr {
+			expr.expr.is_reference()
+		}
+		ParExpr {
+			expr.expr.is_reference()
+		}
+		else {
+			false
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // is `expr` a literal, i.e. it does not depend on any other declarations (C compile time constant)
 pub fn (expr Expr) is_literal() bool {
 	return match expr {

vlib/v/checker/check_types.v

@@ -239,6 +239,12 @@ fn (mut c Checker) check_expected_call_arg(got ast.Type, expected_ ast.Type, lan
 			return
 		}
 	} else {
+		// passing &expr where no-pointer is expected
+		if expected != ast.voidptr_type && !expected.is_ptr() && got.is_ptr()
+			&& arg.expr.is_reference() {
+			got_typ_str, expected_typ_str := c.get_string_names_of(got, expected)
+			return error('cannot use `${got_typ_str}` as `${expected_typ_str}`')
+		}
 		if expected.has_flag(.option) {
 			got_is_ptr := got.is_ptr()
 				|| (arg.expr is ast.Ident && (arg.expr as ast.Ident).is_mut())

vlib/v/checker/tests/ref_to_non_ref_err.out

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+vlib/v/checker/tests/ref_to_non_ref_err.vv:10:17: error: cannot use `&Foo` as `Foo` in argument 1 to `.index()`
+    8 | }
+    9 | 
+   10 | dump(list.index(unsafe { &list[1] }))
+      |                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

vlib/v/checker/tests/ref_to_non_ref_err.vv

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+struct Foo {
+	idx int
+}
+
+mut list := []Foo{}
+for i in 0..3 {
+	list << Foo { idx: i }
+}
+
+dump(list.index(unsafe { &list[1] }))

vlib/v/gen/c/fn.v

@@ -2732,6 +2732,8 @@ fn (mut g Gen) ref_or_deref_arg(arg ast.CallArg, expected_type ast.Type, lang as
 					} else if arg.expr is ast.None {
 						g.expr_with_opt(arg.expr, arg_typ, expected_type)
 						return
+					} else if arg.expr.is_literal() {
+						g.write('(voidptr)')
 					} else {
 						needs_closing = true
 						if arg_typ_sym.kind in [.sum_type, .interface_] {

vlib/v/gen/js/array.v

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ fn (mut g JsGen) gen_array_index_method(left_type ast.Type) string {
 		fn_builder.writeln('\treturn new int(-1);')
 		fn_builder.writeln('}')
 		g.definitions.writeln(fn_builder.str())
-		left_sym.register_method(&ast.Fn{
+		left_sym.register_method(ast.Fn{
 			name:   'index'
 			params: [ast.Param{
 				typ: unwrap_left_type
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ fn (mut g JsGen) gen_array_contains_method(left_type ast.Type) string {
 		fn_builder.writeln('\treturn new bool(false);')
 		fn_builder.writeln('}')
 		g.definitions.writeln(fn_builder.str())
-		left_sym.register_method(&ast.Fn{
+		left_sym.register_method(ast.Fn{
 			name:   'contains'
 			params: [ast.Param{
 				typ: unwrap_left_type