time: add .week_of_year() method for time.Time instances (#23838)

vlib/time/format.v

@@ -416,14 +416,13 @@ pub fn (t Time) custom_format(s string) string {
 				sb.write_string(ordinal_suffix(t.day))
 			}
 			'DDD' {
-				sb.write_string((t.day + days_before[t.month - 1] + int(is_leap_year(t.year))).str())
+				sb.write_string((t.year_day()).str())
 			}
 			'DDDD' {
-				sb.write_string('${t.day + days_before[t.month - 1] + int(is_leap_year(t.year)):03}')
+				sb.write_string('${t.year_day():03}')
 			}
 			'DDDo' {
-				sb.write_string(ordinal_suffix(t.day + days_before[t.month - 1] +
+				sb.write_string(ordinal_suffix(t.year_day()))
-					int(is_leap_year(t.year))))
 			}
 			'd' {
 				sb.write_string('${t.day_of_week() % 7}')
@@ -484,16 +483,13 @@ pub fn (t Time) custom_format(s string) string {
 				sb.write_string('${(t.hour + 1):02}')
 			}
 			'w' {
-				sb.write_string('${mceil((t.day + days_before[t.month - 1] +
+				sb.write_string('${t.week_of_year():.0}')
-					int(is_leap_year(t.year))) / 7):.0}')
 			}
 			'ww' {
-				sb.write_string('${mceil((t.day + days_before[t.month - 1] +
+				sb.write_string('${t.week_of_year():02.0}')
-					int(is_leap_year(t.year))) / 7):02.0}')
 			}
 			'wo' {
-				sb.write_string(ordinal_suffix(int(mceil((t.day + days_before[t.month - 1] +
+				sb.write_string(ordinal_suffix(t.week_of_year()))
-					int(is_leap_year(t.year))) / 7))))
 			}
 			'Q' {
 				sb.write_string('${(t.month % 4) + 1}')

vlib/time/time.v

@@ -296,6 +296,37 @@ pub fn (t Time) day_of_week() int {
 	return day_of_week(t.year, t.month, t.day)
 }
 
+// week_of_year returns the current week of year as an integer.
+// follow ISO 8601 standard
+pub fn (t Time) week_of_year() int {
+	// ISO 8601 Week of Year Rules:
+	// --------------------------------------------
+	// 1. Week Definition:
+	//    - A week starts on ​**Monday**​ (Day 1) and ends on ​**Sunday**​ (Day 7).
+	// 2. First Week of the Year:
+	//    - The first week is the one containing the year's ​**first Thursday**.
+	//    - Equivalently, the week with January 4th always belongs to Week 1.
+	// 3. Year Assignment:
+	//    - Dates in December/January may belong to the previous/next ISO year,
+	//      depending on the week's Thursday.
+	// 4. Week Number Format:
+	//    - Expressed as `YYYY-Www` (e.g., `2026-W01` for the first week of 2026).
+	// --------------------------------------------
+	// Algorithm Steps:
+	// 1. Find the Thursday of the current week:
+	//    - If date is Monday-Wednesday, add days to reach Thursday.
+	//    - If date is Thursday-Sunday, subtract days to reach Thursday.
+	// 2. The ISO year is the calendar year of this Thursday.
+	// 3. Compute the week number as:
+	//    week_number = (thursday's day_of_year - 1) / 7 + 1
+	day_of_week := t.day_of_week()
+	days_to_thursday := 4 - day_of_week
+	thursday_date := t.add_days(days_to_thursday)
+	thursday_day_of_year := thursday_date.year_day()
+	week_number := (thursday_day_of_year - 1) / 7 + 1
+	return week_number
+}
+
 // year_day returns the current day of the year as an integer.
 // See also #Time.custom_format .
 pub fn (t Time) year_day() int {

vlib/time/time_test.v

@@ -201,6 +201,34 @@ fn test_day_of_week() {
 	}
 }
 
+fn test_week_of_year() {
+	// As windows use msvcrt.dll, which `strftime` does not support %V, so skip test
+	// TODO: newer version windows use ucrtbase.dll, which support %V
+	$if !windows {
+		for year in 2000 .. 2100 {
+			mut t := time.new(time.Time{
+				year:  year
+				month: 12
+				day:   20
+			})
+
+			// check from year.12.20 to next_year.1.8
+			for _ in 0 .. 20 {
+				assert t.strftime('%V') == '${t.week_of_year():02}', '${t}'
+				t = t.add_days(1)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	t1 := time.Time{
+		year:  2025
+		month: 3
+		day:   3
+	}
+	assert t1.week_of_year() == 10
+	assert t1.add_days(1).week_of_year() == 10
+}
+
 fn test_year_day() {
 	// testing if December 31st in a leap year is numbered as 366
 	assert time.parse('2024-12-31 20:00:00')!.year_day() == 366