examples: add TODO app example with x.vweb (#20175)

examples/xvweb/todo/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.db

examples/xvweb/todo/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# A simple TODO app using x.vweb
+
+A simple TODO app using `x.vweb` showcasing how to build a basic web app with vweb.
+
+## Database
+
+This example uses an sqlite database using the `db.sqlite` package, 
+but you can use any database from the `db` module.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+Run from this directory with 
+```bash
+v run main.v
+```
+You can also enable vweb's livereload feature with
+```bash
+v watch -d vweb_livereload run main.v`
+```

examples/xvweb/todo/assets/main.css

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+
+html, body {
+    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
+    font-size: 16px;
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+body {
+    max-width: 900px;
+    padding: 50px;
+    margin: auto;
+}
+
+* {
+    box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+/* simple styles reset */
+button {
+    appearance: none;
+    outline: 0;
+    border: 0;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+input {
+    appearance: none;
+    outline: 0;
+    font-size: 16px;
+    height: 30px;
+    line-height: 30px;
+    border: 1px solid #d3d3d3;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+}
+
+button {
+    font-size: 14px;
+    height: 30px;
+    padding: 5px 20px;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+button.primary {
+    background-color: #3b71ca;
+    color: white;
+}
+button.error {
+    background-color: red;
+    color: white;
+}
+button.success {
+    background-color: green;
+    color: white;
+}
+
+.form-success {
+    color: green;
+}
+
+.form-error {
+    color: red;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+section {
+    padding: 20px;
+}
+section.create-todo {
+    max-width: fit-content;
+    margin: auto;
+}
+
+.todo-list {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+.todo {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 10px;
+    padding: 20px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #d3d3d3;
+}
+
+.todo .name {
+    flex-grow: 1;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.todo-id, .time {
+    font-size: 14px;
+    font-weight: normal;
+    color: #3d3d3d;
+    margin: 0px 10px;
+}
+
+/* we're mobile friendly */
+@media only screen and (max-width: 900px) {
+    body {
+        max-width: unset;
+    }
+
+    .todo {
+        flex-direction: column;
+        gap: 5px;
+    }
+    .todo p {
+        margin: 0;
+    }
+
+    section.create-todo form {
+        display: flex;
+        flex-direction: column;
+        gap: 10px;
+    }
+}

examples/xvweb/todo/main.v

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// Simple TODO app using x.vweb
+// Run from this directory with `v run main.v`
+// You can also enable vwebs livereload feature with
+// `v watch -d vweb_livereload run main.v`
+module main
+
+import x.vweb
+import db.sqlite
+import time
+
+struct Todo {
+pub mut:
+	// `id` is the primary field. The attribute `sql: serial` acts like AUTO INCREMENT in sql.
+	// You can use this attribute if you want a unique id for each row.
+	id        int       @[primary; sql: serial]
+	name      string
+	completed bool
+	created   time.Time
+	updated   time.Time
+}
+
+pub struct Context {
+	vweb.Context
+pub mut:
+	// we can use this field to check whether we just created a TODO in our html templates
+	created_todo bool
+}
+
+pub struct App {
+	vweb.StaticHandler
+pub:
+	// we can access the SQLITE database directly via `app.db`
+	db sqlite.DB
+}
+
+// This method will only handle GET requests to the index page
+@[get]
+pub fn (app &App) index(mut ctx Context) vweb.Result {
+	todos := sql app.db {
+		select from Todo
+	} or { return ctx.server_error('could not fetch todos from database!') }
+
+	// TODO: use $vweb.html()
+	return ctx.html($tmpl('templates/index.html'))
+}
+
+// This method will only handle POST requests to the index page
+@['/'; post]
+pub fn (app &App) create_todo(mut ctx Context, name string) vweb.Result {
+	// We can receive form input fields as arguments in a route!
+	// we could also access the name field by doing `name := ctx.form['name']`
+
+	// validate input field
+	if name.len == 0 {
+		// set a form error
+		ctx.form_error = 'You must fill in all the fields!'
+		// send a HTTP 400 response code indicating that the form fields are incorrect
+		ctx.res.set_status(.bad_request)
+		// render the home page
+		return app.index(mut ctx)
+	}
+
+	// create a new todo
+	todo := Todo{
+		name: name
+		created: time.now()
+		updated: time.now()
+	}
+
+	// insert the todo into our database
+	sql app.db {
+		insert todo into Todo
+	} or { return ctx.server_error('could not insert a new TODO in the datbase') }
+
+	ctx.created_todo = true
+
+	// render the home page
+	return app.index(mut ctx)
+}
+
+@['/todo/:id/complete'; post]
+pub fn (app &App) complete_todo(mut ctx Context, id int) vweb.Result {
+	// first check if there exist a TODO record with `id`
+	todos := sql app.db {
+		select from Todo where id == id
+	} or { return ctx.server_error("could not fetch TODO's") }
+	if todos.len == 0 {
+		// return HTTP 404 when the TODO does not exist
+		ctx.res.set_status(.not_found)
+		return ctx.text('There is no TODO item with id=${id}')
+	}
+
+	// update the TODO field
+	sql app.db {
+		update Todo set completed = true, updated = time.now() where id == id
+	} or { return ctx.server_error('could not update TODO') }
+
+	// redirect client to the home page and tell the browser to sent a GET request
+	return ctx.redirect('/', .see_other)
+}
+
+@['/todo/:id/delete'; post]
+pub fn (app &App) delete_todo(mut ctx Context, id int) vweb.Result {
+	// first check if there exist a TODO record with `id`
+	todos := sql app.db {
+		select from Todo where id == id
+	} or { return ctx.server_error("could not fetch TODO's") }
+	if todos.len == 0 {
+		// return HTTP 404 when the TODO does not exist
+		ctx.res.set_status(.not_found)
+		return ctx.text('There is no TODO item with id=${id}')
+	}
+
+	// prevent hackers from deleting TODO's that are not completed ;)
+	to_be_deleted := todos[0]
+	if to_be_deleted.completed == false {
+		return ctx.request_error('You must first complete a TODO before you can delete it!')
+	}
+
+	// delete the todo
+	sql app.db {
+		delete from Todo where id == id
+	} or { return ctx.server_error('could not delete TODO') }
+
+	// redirect client to the home page and tell the browser to sent a GET request
+	return ctx.redirect('/', .see_other)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	// create a new App instance with a connection to the datbase
+	mut app := &App{
+		db: sqlite.connect('todo.db')!
+	}
+
+	// mount the assets folder at `/assets/`
+	app.handle_static('assets', false)!
+
+	// create the table in our database, if it doesn't exist
+	sql app.db {
+		create table Todo
+	}!
+
+	// start our app at port 8080
+	vweb.run[App, Context](mut app, 8080)
+}

examples/xvweb/todo/templates/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>My TODO App</title>
+    <!-- include our css from the assets folder -->
+    @css '/assets/main.css'
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<header>
+    <h1>List of all my todos</h1>
+</header>
+
+<main>
+    <!-- Display a message when a new TODO is created -->
+    @if ctx.created_todo
+    <p class="form-success">Created a new todo!</p>
+    @endif
+
+    <section class="todos">
+        <div class="todo-list">
+        @if todos.len == 0
+            <p>Nothing to see here...</p>
+        @endif
+        <!-- Loop over all the current todo's -->
+        @for todo in todos
+            <div class="todo">
+                <p class="name"><span class="todo-id">(id: @{todo.id})</span>@{todo.name}</p>
+                @if !todo.completed
+                    <!-- We can also call methods of properties inside a template -->
+                    <p class="time">Created at: <span class="time">@{todo.created.hhmmss()}</span></p>
+                    <!-- Pass the id of the TODO as a route parameter to '/complete/:id' -->
+                    <form action="/todo/@{todo.id}/complete" method="post">
+                        <button class="success" type="submit">Complete</button>
+                    </form>
+                @else
+                 <p class="time">Completed at: <span class="time">@{todo.updated.hhmmss()}</span></p>
+                    <p class="completed">✔️</p>
+                    <!-- Pass the id of the TODO as a route parameter to '/complete/:id' -->
+                    <form action="/todo/@{todo.id}/delete" method="post">
+                        <button class="error" type="submit">Delete</button>
+                    </form>
+                @endif
+            </div>
+        @endfor
+      
+        </div>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="create-todo">
+        <h2>Create a new TODO item</h2>
+        <form action="/" method="post">
+            <label for="task-name">Name:</label>
+            <input autofocus id="task-name" type="text" name="name">
+            <button class="primary" type="submit">Create</button>
+            <p class="form-error">@{ctx.form_error}</p>
+        </form>
+    </section>
+</main>    
+
+</body>
+</html>

vlib/x/vweb/README.md

@@ -141,8 +141,9 @@ pub fn (app &App) login(mut ctx Context) vweb.Result {
 		if password.len < 12 {
 			return ctx.text('password is too weak!')
 		} else {
-			// redirect to the profile page
-			return ctx.redirect('/profile')
+			// we receive a POST request, so we want to explicitly tell the browser
+			// to send a GET request to the profile page.
+			return ctx.redirect('/profile', .see_other)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -751,13 +752,27 @@ pub fn (app &App) index(mut ctx Context) vweb.Result {
 
 #### Redirect
 
+You must pass the type of redirect to vweb:
+- `moved_permanently` HTTP code 301
+- `found` HTTP code 302
+- `see_other` HTTP code 303
+- `temporary_redirect` HTTP code 307
+- `permanent_redirect` HTTP code 308
+
+**Common use cases:**
+
+If you want to change the request method, for example when you receive a post request and
+want to redirect to another page via a GET request, you should use `see_other`. If you want
+the HTTP method to stay the same you should use `found` generally speaking.
+
 **Example:**
 ```v ignore
 pub fn (app &App) index(mut ctx Context) vweb.Result {
 	token := ctx.get_cookie('token') or { '' }
 	if token == '' {
 		// redirect the user to '/login' if the 'token' cookie is not set
-		return ctx.redirect('/login')
+		// we explicitly tell the browser to send a GET request
+		return ctx.redirect('/login', .see_other)
 	} else {
 		return ctx.text('Welcome!')
 	}

vlib/x/vweb/context.v

@@ -10,6 +10,14 @@ enum ContextReturnType {
 	file
 }
 
+pub enum RedirectType {
+	moved_permanently  = int(http.Status.moved_permanently)
+	found              = int(http.Status.found)
+	see_other          = int(http.Status.see_other)
+	temporary_redirect = int(http.Status.temporary_redirect)
+	permanent_redirect = int(http.Status.permanent_redirect)
+}
+
 // The Context struct represents the Context which holds the HTTP request and response.
 // It has fields for the query, form, files and methods for handling the request and response
 pub struct Context {
@@ -213,10 +221,12 @@ pub fn (mut ctx Context) server_error(msg string) Result {
 }
 
 // Redirect to an url
-pub fn (mut ctx Context) redirect(url string) Result {
-	ctx.res.set_status(.found)
+pub fn (mut ctx Context) redirect(url string, redirect_type RedirectType) Result {
+	status := http.Status(redirect_type)
+	ctx.res.set_status(status)
+
 	ctx.res.header.add(.location, url)
-	return ctx.send_response_to_client('text/plain', '302 Found')
+	return ctx.send_response_to_client('text/plain', status.str())
 }
 
 // before_request is always the first function that is executed and acts as middleware

vlib/x/vweb/tests/vweb_app_test.v

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn (mut app App) new_article(mut ctx Context) vweb.Result {
 		insert article into Article
 	} or {}
 
-	return ctx.redirect('/')
+	return ctx.redirect('/', .see_other)
 }
 
 pub fn (mut app App) time(mut ctx Context) vweb.Result {