rand: add uuid_v7(), session function, simplify uuid_v4() (#24313)

vlib/rand/rand.c.v

@@ -1,60 +1,99 @@
 module rand
 
-const clock_seq_hi_and_reserved_valid_values = [`8`, `9`, `a`, `b`]!
+import time
 
 // uuid_v4 generates a random (v4) UUID
 // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier#Version_4_(random)
+// See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9562#name-uuid-version-4
 pub fn uuid_v4() string {
-	return internal_uuid_v4(mut default_rng)
+	rand_1 := default_rng.u64()
+	rand_2 := default_rng.u64()
+	return internal_uuid(4, rand_1, rand_2)
 }
 
-@[direct_array_access]
-fn internal_uuid_v4(mut rng PRNG) string {
-	buflen := 36
+@[direct_array_access; inline]
+fn internal_uuid(version u8, rand_1 u64, rand_2 u64) string {
+	// 0                   1                   2                   3
+	// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+	// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	// |                            rand_1                             |
+	// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	// |           rand_1              |  ver  |        rand_1         |
+	// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	// |var|                        rand_2                             |
+	// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	// |                            rand_2                             |
+	// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+	mut parts := [8]u16{}
+	parts[0] = u16(rand_1 >> 48)
+	parts[1] = u16(rand_1 >> 32)
+	parts[2] = u16(rand_1 >> 16)
+	parts[3] = u16(rand_1)
+	parts[4] = u16(rand_2 >> 48)
+	parts[5] = u16(rand_2 >> 32)
+	parts[6] = u16(rand_2 >> 16)
+	parts[7] = u16(rand_2)
+
+	parts[3] = (parts[3] & 0x0FFF) | (u16(version) << 12) // set version
+	parts[4] = (parts[4] & 0x3FFF) | 0x8000 // set variant = 0b10
+
 	mut buf := unsafe { malloc_noscan(37) }
-	mut i_buf := 0
-	mut x := u64(0)
-	mut d := u8(0)
-	for i_buf < buflen {
-		mut c := 0
-		x = rng.u64()
-		// do most of the bit manipulation at once:
-		x &= 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F
-		x += 0x3030303030303030
-		// write the ASCII codes to the buffer:
-		for c < 8 && i_buf < buflen {
-			d = u8(x)
-			unsafe {
-				buf[i_buf] = if d > 0x39 { d + 0x27 } else { d }
-			}
-			i_buf++
-			c++
-			x = x >> 8
-		}
-	}
-	// there are still some random bits in x:
-	x = x >> 8
-	d = u8(x)
+	mut start := 0
 	unsafe {
-		// From https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt :
-		// >> Set the two most significant bits (bits 6 and 7) of the clock_seq_hi_and_reserved
-		// >> to zero and one, respectively.
-		// all nibbles starting with 10 are: 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011 -> hex digits `8`, `9`, `a`, `b`
-		// these are stored in clock_seq_hi_and_reserved_valid_values, choose one of them at random:
-		buf[19] = clock_seq_hi_and_reserved_valid_values[d & 0x03]
-		// >> Set the four most significant bits (bits 12 through 15) of the
-		// >> time_hi_and_version field to the 4-bit version number from Section 4.1.3.
-		buf[14] = `4`
-		buf[8] = `-`
-		buf[13] = `-`
-		buf[18] = `-`
-		buf[23] = `-`
-		buf[buflen] = 0 // ensure the string will be 0 terminated, just in case
-		// for i in 0..37 { println('i: ${i:2} | ${buf[i].ascii_str()} | ${buf[i].hex()} | ${buf[i]:08b}') }
-		return buf.vstring_with_len(buflen)
+		for i in 0 .. 8 {
+			val := parts[i]
+			buf[start] = hex_chars[(val >> 12) & 0xF]
+			buf[start + 1] = hex_chars[(val >> 8) & 0xF]
+			buf[start + 2] = hex_chars[(val >> 4) & 0xF]
+			buf[start + 3] = hex_chars[val & 0xF]
+			start += 4
+			// insert `_` at specified locations
+			if start in [8, 13, 18, 23]! {
+				buf[start] = `_`
+				start++
+			}
+		}
+		buf[36] = 0
+		return buf.vstring_with_len(36)
 	}
 }
 
+// uuid_v7 generates a time-ordered (v7) UUID
+// See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9562#name-uuid-version-7
+pub fn uuid_v7() string {
+	timestamp_48 := u64(time.now().unix_milli()) << 16
+	rand_1 := timestamp_48 | default_rng.u16()
+	rand_2 := default_rng.u64()
+	return internal_uuid(7, rand_1, rand_2)
+}
+
+pub struct UUIDSession {
+mut:
+	counter u8 // 6 bits session counter
+}
+
+// new_uuid_v7_session create a new session for generating uuid_v7.
+// The 12 bits `rand_a` in the RFC 9652, is replaced by 6 bits
+// sub-millisecond timestamp + 6 bits session counter.
+// See https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=78c5e141e9c139fc2ff36a220334e4aa25e1b0eb
+pub fn new_uuid_v7_session() UUIDSession {
+	return UUIDSession{}
+}
+
+// next get a new uuid_v7 from current session.
+pub fn (mut u UUIDSession) next() string {
+	timestamp := u64(time.now().unix_nano())
+	// make place for holding 4 bits `version`
+	timestamp_shift_4bits := (timestamp & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_0000) | ((timestamp & 0x0000_0000_0000_FFFF) >> 4)
+	rand_1 := (timestamp_shift_4bits & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFC0) | u64(u.counter & 0x3F) // 6 bits session counter
+	rand_2 := default_rng.u64()
+
+	u.counter++
+
+	return internal_uuid(7, rand_1, rand_2)
+}
+
 const ulid_encoding = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'
 
 @[direct_array_access]

vlib/rand/rand.v

@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ pub fn read(mut buf []u8) {
 }
 
 const english_letters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
-const hex_chars = 'abcdef0123456789'
+const hex_chars = '0123456789abcdef'
 const ascii_chars = '!"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\\^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~'
 
 // ulid generates an unique lexicographically sortable identifier.

vlib/rand/random_identifiers_test.v

@@ -21,6 +21,58 @@ fn test_rand_uuid_v4() {
 	}
 }
 
+// uuid_v7:
+fn test_rand_uuid_v7() {
+	uuid1 := rand.uuid_v7()
+	uuid2 := rand.uuid_v7()
+	uuid3 := rand.uuid_v7()
+	assert uuid1 != uuid2
+	assert uuid1 != uuid3
+	assert uuid2 != uuid3
+	assert uuid1.len == 36
+	assert uuid2.len == 36
+	assert uuid3.len == 36
+	for i in 0 .. 1000 {
+		x := rand.uuid_v7()
+		// check the version field is always 7:
+		assert x[14] == `7`
+		// and variant field is always 0b10:
+		assert x[19] in [`8`, `9`, `a`, `b`]
+	}
+}
+
+// uuid_v7_session:
+fn test_rand_uuid_v7_session() {
+	mut u := rand.new_uuid_v7_session()
+	uuid1 := u.next()
+	uuid2 := u.next()
+	uuid3 := u.next()
+	assert uuid1 != uuid2
+	assert uuid1 != uuid3
+	assert uuid2 != uuid3
+	assert uuid1.len == 36
+	assert uuid2.len == 36
+	assert uuid3.len == 36
+	mut prev_counter := `3`
+	for i in 0 .. 1000 {
+		x := u.next()
+		// check the version field is always 7:
+		assert x[14] == `7`
+		// and variant field is always 0b10:
+		assert x[19] in [`8`, `9`, `a`, `b`]
+
+		// verify counter increase
+		assert x[17] == prev_counter
+		if prev_counter == `9` {
+			prev_counter = `a`
+		} else if prev_counter == `f` {
+			prev_counter = `0`
+		} else {
+			prev_counter++
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // ulids:
 fn test_ulids_are_unique() {
 	ulid1 := rand.ulid()

vlib/rand/random_numbers_test.v

@@ -302,20 +302,20 @@ fn test_rand_string() {
 fn test_rand_hex() {
 	rand.seed([u32(0), 1])
 	outputs := [
-		'847b633d9f9765c1a84d38035',
-		'efdef342641958db89cfdb4e1',
-		'704ee34204d29e9e99aca0ae0',
-		'0c8e1fd5472f65fc4b9668adf',
-		'3349538378c2023ef7f14dfbe',
-		'ae4080a0cb4cbb0693c68037b',
-		'90e3a7be588b3dfeb3663c97f',
-		'f25a82eb559ab6f0288bd8590',
-		'649f579cb93e9f414d9f40539',
-		'553a210a52bcbfbafb0783850',
-		'3daef80b45ef518d30c6db6db',
-		'56a187106e6e5fb88761024a5',
-		'b5cd8b7a24054d7dc66e62f88',
-		'306eed0c4207d8db185f04afd',
+		'ead1c993f5fdcb270ea39e69b',
+		'453459a8ca7fbe31ef2531a47',
+		'd6a449a86a38f4f4ff0206046',
+		'62e4753bad85cb52a1fcce035',
+		'99afb9e9de2868945d57a3514',
+		'04a6e60621a2116cf92ce69d1',
+		'f6490d14bee1935419cc92fd5',
+		'58b0e841bbf01c568ee13ebf6',
+		'caf5bdf21f94f5a7a3f5a6b9f',
+		'bb908760b8121510516de9eb6',
+		'93045e61ab45b7e3962c31c31',
+		'bc07ed76c4c4b51eedc768a0b',
+		'1b23e1d08a6ba3d32cc4c85ee',
+		'96c44362a86d3e317eb56a053',
 	]
 	for output in outputs {
 		assert rand.hex(25) == output