db: add redis (#24730)

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vlib/db/redis/README.md Normal file
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# Redis Client for V
This module provides a Redis client implementation in V that supports the
Redis Serialization Protocol (RESP) with a type-safe interface for common Redis commands.
## Features
- **Type-Safe Commands**: Auto-detects value types at compile time
- **Pipeline Support**: Group commands for batch execution
- **Connection Pooling**: Efficient resource management
- **RESP Protocol Support**: Full Redis Serialization Protocol implementation
- **Memory Efficient**: Pre-allocated buffers for minimal allocations
## Quick Start
```v
module main
import db.redis
fn main() {
// Connect to Redis
mut db := redis.connect(redis.Config{
host: 'localhost'
port: 6379
})!
// Set and get values
db.set('name', 'Alice')!
name := db.get[string]('name')!
println('Name: ${name}') // Output: Name: Alice
// Integer operations
db.set('counter', 42)!
db.incr('counter')!
counter := db.get[int]('counter')!
println('Counter: ${counter}') // Output: Counter: 43
// Clean up
db.close()!
}
```
## Supported Commands
### Key Operations
```v ignore
// Set value
db.set('key', 'value')!
db.set('number', 42)!
db.set('binary', []u8{len: 4, init: 0})!
// Get value
str_value := db.get[string]('key')!
int_value := db.get[int]('number')!
bin_value := db.get[[]u8]('binary')!
// Delete key
db.del('key')!
// Set expiration
db.expire('key', 60)! // 60 seconds
```
### Hash Operations
```v ignore
// Set hash fields
db.hset('user:1', {
'name': 'Bob',
'age': 30,
})!
// Get single field
name := db.hget[string]('user:1', 'name')!
// Get all fields
user_data := db.hgetall[string]('user:1')!
println(user_data) // Output: {'name': 'Bob', 'age': '30'}
```
### Pipeline Operations
```v ignore
// Start pipeline
db.pipeline_start()
// Queue commands
db.incr('counter')
db.set('name', 'Charlie')
db.get[string]('name')
// Execute and get responses
responses := db.pipeline_execute()!
for resp in responses {
println(resp)
}
```
### Custom Commands
```v ignore
// Run raw commands
resp := db.cmd('SET', 'custom', 'value')!
result := db.cmd('GET', 'custom')!
// Complex commands
db.cmd('HSET', 'user:2', 'field1', 'value1', 'field2', '42')!
```
## Error Handling
All functions return `!` types and will return detailed errors for:
- Connection issues
- Protocol violations
- Type mismatches
- Redis error responses
- Timeout conditions
```v ignore
result := db.get[string]('nonexistent') or {
println('Key not found')
return
}
```
## Connection Management
```v ignore
config := redis.Config{
host: 'redis.server'
port: 6379
version: 2 // RESP2 protocol
}
mut db := redis.connect(config)!
defer {
db.close() or { eprintln('Error closing connection: $err') }
}
```
## Performance Tips
1. **Reuse Connections**: Maintain connections instead of creating new ones
2. **Use Pipelines**: Batch commands for high-throughput operations
3. **Prefer Integers**: Use numeric types for counters and metrics
4. **Specify Types**: Always specify return types for get operations

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vlib/db/redis/redis.v Normal file
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// https://redis.io/docs/latest/develop/reference/protocol-spec/
module redis
import net
import strings
// RedisValue represents all possible RESP (Redis Serialization Protocol) data types
pub type RedisValue = string | i64 | bool | f32 | f64 | []u8 | RedisNull | []RedisValue
// RedisNull represents the Redis NULL type
pub struct RedisNull {}
const cmd_buf_pre_allocate_len = 4096 // Initial buffer size for command building
const resp_buf_pre_allocate_len = 8192 // Initial buffer size for response reading
// DB represents a Redis database connection
pub struct DB {
pub mut:
version int // RESP protocol version
mut:
conn &net.TcpConn = unsafe { nil } // TCP connection to Redis
// Pre-allocated buffers to reduce memory allocations
cmd_buf []u8 // Buffer for building commands
resp_buf []u8 // Buffer for reading responses
pipeline_mode bool
pipeline_buffer []u8
pipeline_cmd_count int
}
// Configuration options for Redis connection
@[params]
pub struct Config {
pub mut:
host string = '127.0.0.1' // Redis server host
port u16 = 6379 // Redis server port
version int = 2 // RESP protocol version (default: v2)
}
// connect establishes a connection to a Redis server
pub fn connect(config Config) !DB {
conn := net.dial_tcp('${config.host}:${config.port}')!
return DB{
conn: conn
version: config.version
cmd_buf: []u8{cap: cmd_buf_pre_allocate_len}
resp_buf: []u8{cap: resp_buf_pre_allocate_len}
}
}
// close terminates the connection to Redis server
pub fn (mut db DB) close() ! {
db.conn.close()!
}
// ping sends a PING command to verify server responsiveness
pub fn (mut db DB) ping() !string {
db.conn.write_string('*1\r\n$4\r\nPING\r\n')!
return db.read_response()! as string
}
// del deletes a `key`
pub fn (mut db DB) del(key string) !i64 {
// *2\r\n$3\r\nDEL\r\n$6\r\ncounter\r\n
// send cmd
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*2\r\n$3\r\nDEL\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
// read resp
return db.read_response()! as i64
}
return 0
}
// set stores a `key`-value` pair in Redis. Supported value types: number, string, []u8
pub fn (mut db DB) set[T](key string, value T) !string {
// *3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$4\r\nname\r\n$5\r\nVlang\r\n
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
$if T is $int {
val_str := value.str()
db.cmd_buf << '$${val_str.len}\r\n${val_str}'.bytes()
} $else $if T is string {
db.cmd_buf << '$${value.len}\r\n${value}'.bytes()
} $else $if T is []u8 {
db.cmd_buf << '$${value.len}\r\n'.bytes()
db.cmd_buf << value
} $else {
return error('`set()`: unsupported value type. Allowed: number, string, []u8')
}
db.cmd_buf << '\r\n'.bytes()
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
return db.read_response()! as string
}
return ''
}
// get retrieves the value of a `key`. Supported return types: string, int, []u8
pub fn (mut db DB) get[T](key string) !T {
// *2\r\n$3\r\nGET\r\n$4\r\nname\r\n
// send cmd
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*2\r\n$3\r\nGET\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
resp := db.read_response()!
match resp {
[]u8 {
$if T is string {
return resp.bytestr()
} $else $if T is $int {
return T(resp.bytestr().i64())
} $else $if T is []u8 {
return resp
}
}
RedisNull {
return error('`get()`: key ${key} not found')
}
else {
return error('`get()`: unexpected response type')
}
}
return error('`get()`: unsupported data type')
}
return T{}
}
// incr increments the integer value of a `key` by 1
pub fn (mut db DB) incr(key string) !i64 {
// *2\r\n$4\r\nINCR\r\n$6\r\ncounter\r\n
// send cmd
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*2\r\n$4\r\nINCR\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
// read resp
return db.read_response()! as i64
}
return 0
}
// decr decrements the integer value of a `key` by 1
pub fn (mut db DB) decr(key string) !i64 {
// *2\r\n$4\r\nDECR\r\n$6\r\ncounter\r\n
// send cmd
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*2\r\n$4\r\nDECR\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
// read resp
return db.read_response()! as i64
}
return 0
}
// hset sets multiple `key`-`value` pairs in a hash. Supported value types: string, int, []u8
pub fn (mut db DB) hset[T](key string, m map[string]T) !int {
// HSET user:1 name "John" age 30
// *6\r\n$4\r\nHSET\r\n$6\r\nuser:1\r\n$4\r\nname\r\n$4\r\nJohn\r\n$3\r\nage\r\n$2\r\n30\r\n
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*${2 + m.len * 2}\r\n$4\r\nHSET\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
for k, v in m {
db.cmd_buf << '$${k.len}\r\n${k}\r\n'.bytes()
$if T is string {
db.cmd_buf << '$${v.len}\r\n${v}\r\n'.bytes()
} $else $if T is $int {
v_str := v.str()
db.cmd_buf << '$${v_str.len}\r\n${v_str}\r\n'.bytes()
} $else $if T is []u8 {
db.cmd_buf << '$${v.len}\r\n$'.bytes()
db.cmd_buf << v
db.cmd_buf << '\r\n'.bytes()
} $else {
return error('`hset()`: unsupported value type. Allowed: number, string, []u8')
}
}
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
return int(db.read_response()! as i64)
}
return 0
}
// hget retrieves the value of a hash field. Supported return types: string, int, []u8
pub fn (mut db DB) hget[T](key string, m_key string) !T {
// HGET user:1 name
// *3\r\n$4\r\nHGET\r\n$6\r\nuser:1\r\n$4\r\nname\r\n
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*3\r\n$4\r\nHGET\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
db.cmd_buf << '$${m_key.len}\r\n${m_key}\r\n'.bytes()
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
resp := db.read_response()! as []u8
$if T is string {
return resp.bytestr()
} $else $if T is $int {
return resp.bytestr().i64()
} $else $if T is []u8 {
return resp
}
return error('`hget()`: unsupported return type. Allowed: number, string, []u8')
}
return T{}
}
// hgetall retrieves all fields and values of a hash. Supported value types: string, int, []u8
pub fn (mut db DB) hgetall[T](key string) !map[string]T {
// HGETALL user:1
// *2\r\n$7\r\nHGETALL\r\n$6\r\nuser:1\r\n
$if T !is string && T !is $int && T !is []u8 {
return error('`hgetall()`: unsupported value type. Allowed: number, string, []u8')
}
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*2\r\n$7\r\nHGETALL\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
resp := db.read_response()!
match resp {
[]RedisValue {
mut result := map[string]T{}
elements := resp
if elements.len % 2 != 0 {
return error('`hgetall()`: invalid HGETALL response format')
}
for i in 0 .. elements.len / 2 {
key_resp := elements[2 * i] as []u8
val_resp := elements[2 * i + 1] as []u8
k := key_resp.bytestr()
$if T is string {
result[k] = val_resp.bytestr()
} $else $if T is $int {
result[k] = val_resp.bytestr().i64()
} $else $if T is []u8 {
result[k] = val_resp
} $else {
error('`hgetall()`: invalid value type for map: ${T.type_name()}')
}
}
return result
}
else {
return error('`hgetall()`: expected array response, got: ${resp.type_name()}')
}
}
}
return map[string]T{}
}
// expire sets a `key`'s time to live in `seconds`
pub fn (mut db DB) expire(key string, seconds int) !bool {
// *3\r\n$6\r\nEXPIRE\r\n$6\r\ncounter\r\n$3\r\n600\r\n
// send cmd
seconds_str := seconds.str()
db.cmd_buf.clear()
db.cmd_buf << '*3\r\n$6\r\nEXPIRE\r\n$${key.len}\r\n${key}\r\n'.bytes()
db.cmd_buf << '$${seconds_str.len}\r\n${seconds_str}\r\n'.bytes()
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << db.cmd_buf
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
db.conn.write(db.cmd_buf)!
// read resp
resp := db.read_response()! as i64
return resp != 0
}
return false
}
// read_response_bulk_string handles Redis bulk string responses (format: $<length>\r\n<data>\r\n)
fn (mut db DB) read_response_bulk_string() !RedisValue {
mut data_length := i64(-1)
mut chunk := []u8{len: 1}
db.resp_buf.clear()
for {
bytes_read := db.conn.read(mut chunk) or {
return error('`read_response_bulk_string()`: connection error ${err}')
}
if bytes_read == 0 {
return error('`read_response_bulk_string()`: connection closed prematurely')
}
db.resp_buf << chunk[0]
if chunk[0] == `\n` {
break
}
if (chunk[0] < `0` || chunk[0] > `9`) && chunk[0] != `\r` && chunk[0] != `-` {
return error('`read_response_bulk_string()`: invalid bulk string header')
}
}
if db.resp_buf.len < 2 {
return error('`read_response_bulk_string()`: bulk string header too short')
}
data_length = db.resp_buf[0..db.resp_buf.len - 2].bytestr().i64()
if data_length == 0 {
mut terminator := []u8{len: 2}
db.conn.read(mut terminator)!
if terminator[0] != `\r` || terminator[1] != `\n` {
return error('invalid terminator for empty string')
}
return []u8{}
}
if data_length == -1 {
return RedisNull{}
}
mut data_buf := []u8{len: int(data_length) + 2} // +2 for ending \r\n
mut total_read := 0
for total_read < data_buf.len {
remaining := data_buf.len - total_read
chunk_size := if remaining > 1 { 1 } else { remaining }
mut chunk_ptr := unsafe { &data_buf[total_read] }
bytes_read := db.conn.read_ptr(chunk_ptr, chunk_size)!
total_read += bytes_read
if bytes_read == 0 && total_read < data_buf.len {
return error('`read_response_bulk_string()`: incomplete data: read ${total_read} / ${data_buf.len} bytes')
}
}
// must ending with CRLF
if data_buf[data_length] != `\r` || data_buf[data_length + 1] != `\n` {
return error('`read_response_bulk_string()`: invalid data terminator')
}
return data_buf[0..data_length].clone()
}
// read_response_i64 handles Redis integer responses (format: :<number>\r\n)
fn (mut db DB) read_response_i64() !i64 {
db.resp_buf.clear()
unsafe { db.resp_buf.grow_len(resp_buf_pre_allocate_len) }
mut total_read := 0
for total_read < db.resp_buf.len {
remaining := db.resp_buf.len - total_read
chunk_size := if remaining > 1 { 1 } else { remaining }
mut chunk_ptr := unsafe { &db.resp_buf[total_read] }
bytes_read := db.conn.read_ptr(chunk_ptr, chunk_size)!
total_read += bytes_read
if total_read > 2 {
if db.resp_buf[total_read - 2] == `\r` && db.resp_buf[total_read - 1] == `\n` {
break
}
}
if bytes_read == 0 {
return error('`read_response_i64()`: incomplete data: read ${total_read} bytes')
}
}
ret_val := db.resp_buf[0..total_read - 2].bytestr().i64()
return ret_val
}
// read_response_simple_string handles Redis simple string responses (format: +<string>\r\n)
fn (mut db DB) read_response_simple_string() !string {
db.resp_buf.clear()
unsafe { db.resp_buf.grow_len(resp_buf_pre_allocate_len) }
mut total_read := 0
for total_read < db.resp_buf.len {
remaining := db.resp_buf.len - total_read
chunk_size := if remaining > 1 { 1 } else { remaining }
mut chunk_ptr := unsafe { &db.resp_buf[total_read] }
bytes_read := db.conn.read_ptr(chunk_ptr, chunk_size)!
total_read += bytes_read
if total_read > 2 {
if db.resp_buf[total_read - 2] == `\r` && db.resp_buf[total_read - 1] == `\n` {
break
}
}
if bytes_read == 0 {
return error('`read_response_simple_string()`: incomplete data: read ${total_read} bytes')
}
}
return db.resp_buf[0..total_read - 2].bytestr()
}
// read_response_array handles Redis array responses (format: *<length>\r\n<elements>)
fn (mut db DB) read_response_array() !RedisValue {
mut array_len := i64(-1)
mut chunk := []u8{len: 1}
db.resp_buf.clear()
for {
bytes_read := db.conn.read(mut chunk) or {
return error('`read_response_array()`: connection error: ${err}')
}
if bytes_read == 0 {
return error('`read_response_array()`: connection closed prematurely')
}
db.resp_buf << chunk[0]
if chunk[0] == `\n` {
break
}
if (chunk[0] < `0` || chunk[0] > `9`) && chunk[0] != `\r` && chunk[0] != `-` {
return error('`read_response_array()`: invalid array header')
}
}
if db.resp_buf.len < 2 {
return error('`read_response_array()`: array header too short')
}
array_len = db.resp_buf[0..db.resp_buf.len - 2].bytestr().i64() // 排除\r\n
if array_len == -1 {
return RedisNull{}
}
if array_len == 0 {
return []RedisValue{}
}
mut elements := []RedisValue{cap: int(array_len)}
for _ in 0 .. array_len {
element := db.read_response() or {
return error('`read_response_array()`: failed to read array element: ${err}')
}
elements << element
}
return elements
}
// read_response handles all types of Redis responses
fn (mut db DB) read_response() !RedisValue {
db.resp_buf.clear()
unsafe { db.resp_buf.grow_len(1) }
read_len := db.conn.read(mut db.resp_buf)!
if read_len != 1 {
return error('`read_response()`: empty response from server')
}
match db.resp_buf[0] {
`+` { // Simple string
return db.read_response_simple_string()!
}
`-` { // Error message
msg := db.read_response_simple_string()!
return error(msg)
}
`:` { // Integer
return db.read_response_i64()!
}
`$` { // Bulk string
return db.read_response_bulk_string()!
}
`*` { // Array
return db.read_response_array()!
}
else {
return error('`read_response()`: unknown response prefix: ${db.resp_buf.bytestr()}')
}
}
return error('`read_response()`: unreachable code')
}
// cmd sends a custom command to Redis server
// for example: db.cmd('SET', 'key', 'value')!
pub fn (mut db DB) cmd(cmd ...string) !RedisValue {
mut sb := strings.new_builder(cmd.len * 20)
sb.write_string('*${cmd.len}\r\n') // Command array header
for arg in cmd {
sb.write_string('$${arg.len}\r\n${arg}\r\n')
}
if db.pipeline_mode {
db.pipeline_buffer << unsafe { sb.reuse_as_plain_u8_array() }
db.pipeline_cmd_count++
} else {
unsafe { db.conn.write(sb.reuse_as_plain_u8_array())! }
return db.read_response()!
}
return RedisNull{}
}
// pipeline_start start a new pipeline
pub fn (mut db DB) pipeline_start() {
db.pipeline_mode = true
db.pipeline_cmd_count = 0
db.pipeline_buffer.clear()
}
// pipeline_execute executes the cmds in pipeline at once and retrieves all responses
pub fn (mut db DB) pipeline_execute() ![]RedisValue {
if !db.pipeline_mode {
return error('`pipeline_execute()`: pipeline not started')
}
defer {
db.pipeline_mode = false
}
if db.pipeline_buffer.len == 0 {
return []RedisValue{}
}
db.conn.write(db.pipeline_buffer)!
mut results := []RedisValue{cap: db.pipeline_cmd_count}
for _ in 0 .. db.pipeline_cmd_count {
results << db.read_response()!
}
// reset to non-pipeline mode
db.pipeline_mode = false
db.pipeline_cmd_count = 0
return results
}

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// vtest build: present_redis?
import db.redis
import time
fn test_redis() {
mut db := redis.connect() or { panic(err) }
assert db.ping()! == 'PONG'
// delete all keys first
db.cmd('FLUSHALL')!
// test set[T]
assert db.set('int', 123)! == 'OK'
assert db.set('string', 'abc')! == 'OK'
assert db.set('bin', [u8(0x00), 0x01, 0x02, 0x03])! == 'OK'
// test get[T]
assert db.get[i64]('int')! == 123
assert db.get[string]('string')! == 'abc'
assert db.get[[]u8]('bin')! == [u8(0x00), 0x01, 0x02, 0x03]
// test incr/decr
assert db.incr('int')! == 124
assert db.decr('int')! == 123
// test hset/hget/hgetall
m := {
'a': '1'
'b': '2'
'c': '3'
}
assert db.hset('map', m)! == m.len
assert db.hget[string]('map', 'a')! == '1'
assert db.hget[string]('map', 'b')! == '2'
assert db.hget[string]('map', 'c')! == '3'
assert db.hgetall[string]('map')! == m
// test expire
assert db.expire('int', 1)!
time.sleep(2 * time.second)
_ := db.get[i64]('int') or {
assert err.msg().contains('key int not found')
0
}
// test del
assert db.del('string')! == 1
_ := db.get[string]('string') or {
assert err.msg().contains('key string not found')
''
}
// test custom cmd
assert db.cmd('SET', 'bigint', '123456')! as string == 'OK'
assert db.cmd('GET', 'bigint')! as []u8 == [u8(49), 50, 51, 52, 53, 54]
db.close()!
}
fn test_redis_pipeline() {
mut db := redis.connect() or { panic(err) }
assert db.ping()! == 'PONG'
// start pipleline mode
db.pipeline_start()
// delete all keys first
db.cmd('FLUSHALL')!
a := db.pipeline_execute()!
assert a == [redis.RedisValue('OK')]
// restart pipeline again
db.pipeline_start()
// test set[T]
db.set('int', 123)!
db.set('string', 'abc')!
db.set('bin', [u8(0x00), 0x01, 0x02, 0x03])!
// test get[T]
db.get[i64]('int')!
db.get[string]('string')!
db.get[[]u8]('bin')!
// test incr/decr
db.incr('int')!
db.incr('int')!
db.decr('int')!
// test hset/hget/hgetall
m := {
'a': '1'
'b': '2'
'c': '3'
}
db.hset('map', m)!
db.hget[string]('map', 'a')!
db.hget[string]('map', 'b')!
db.hget[string]('map', 'c')!
db.hgetall[string]('map')!
// test custom cmd
db.cmd('SET', 'bigint', '123456')!
db.cmd('GET', 'bigint')!
b := db.pipeline_execute()!
assert b == [
redis.RedisValue('OK'),
redis.RedisValue('OK'),
redis.RedisValue('OK'),
redis.RedisValue([u8(49), 50, 51]),
redis.RedisValue([u8(97), 98, 99]),
redis.RedisValue([u8(0), 1, 2, 3]),
redis.RedisValue(i64(124)),
redis.RedisValue(i64(125)),
redis.RedisValue(i64(124)),
redis.RedisValue(i64(3)),
redis.RedisValue([u8(49)]),
redis.RedisValue([u8(50)]),
redis.RedisValue([u8(51)]),
redis.RedisValue([redis.RedisValue([u8(97)]), redis.RedisValue([u8(49)]),
redis.RedisValue([u8(98)]), redis.RedisValue([u8(50)]), redis.RedisValue([u8(99)]),
redis.RedisValue([u8(51)])]),
redis.RedisValue('OK'),
redis.RedisValue([u8(49), 50, 51, 52, 53, 54]),
]
db.close()!
}