Refactored the java.util.Locale constructor, which is deprecated in Android 16. * Created to utilize the methods introduced in this Android version. * Upgraded AGP to , which supports Android 16. * Replaced targetSdkVersion and compileSdkVersion with targetSdkPreview and compileSdkPreview to add support for Android 16. * After upgrading the gradle lint showing some new errors so we have fixed those lint errors that required us to use the KTX extension functions, as they internally utilize the same functions we were using.

app/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/intro/CustomPageIndicator.kt

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import android.animation.Animator
 import android.animation.AnimatorListenerAdapter
 import android.animation.AnimatorSet
 import android.animation.ValueAnimator
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.content.Context
 import android.database.DataSetObserver
 import android.graphics.Canvas
@@ -776,13 +777,17 @@ class CustomPageIndicator @JvmOverloads constructor(
     val density = context.resources.displayMetrics.density.toInt()
 
     // Load attributes
-    val a =
+    @SuppressLint("UseKtx")
-      getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomPageIndicator, defStyle, 0)
+    val a = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(
-    dotDiameter =
+      attrs,
-      a.getDimensionPixelSize(
+      R.styleable.CustomPageIndicator,
-        R.styleable.CustomPageIndicator_ipi_dotDiameter,
+      defStyle,
-        DEFAULT_DOT_SIZE * density
+      0
-      )
+    )
+    dotDiameter = a.getDimensionPixelSize(
+      R.styleable.CustomPageIndicator_ipi_dotDiameter,
+      DEFAULT_DOT_SIZE * density
+    )
     dotRadius = (dotDiameter / 2).toFloat()
     halfDotRadius = dotRadius / 2
     gap =

app/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/nav/destination/library/local/LocalLibraryFragment.kt

@@ -366,18 +366,17 @@ class LocalLibraryFragment : BaseFragment(), CopyMoveFileHandler.FileCopyMoveCal
   }
 
   private fun showFileChooser() {
-    val intent =
+    val intent = Intent().apply {
-      Intent().apply {
+      action = Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT
-        action = Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT
+      type = "*/*"
-        type = "*/*"
+      addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE)
-        addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE)
+      if (sharedPreferenceUtil.prefIsTest) {
-        if (sharedPreferenceUtil.prefIsTest) {
+        putExtra(
-          putExtra(
+          "android.provider.extra.INITIAL_URI",
-            "android.provider.extra.INITIAL_URI",
+          "content://com.android.externalstorage.documents/document/primary:Download".toUri()
-            "content://com.android.externalstorage.documents/document/primary:Download".toUri()
+        )
-          )
-        }
       }
+    }
     try {
       fileSelectLauncher.launch(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Select a zim file"))
     } catch (_: ActivityNotFoundException) {

app/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/nav/destination/reader/KiwixReaderFragment.kt

@@ -135,11 +135,10 @@ class KiwixReaderFragment : CoreReaderFragment() {
     // Update the reader screen title to prevent showing the previously set title
     // when creating the new archive object.
     updateTitle()
-    val filePath =
+    val filePath = FileUtils.getLocalFilePathByUri(
-      FileUtils.getLocalFilePathByUri(
+      requireActivity().applicationContext,
-        requireActivity().applicationContext,
+      zimFileUri.toUri()
-        zimFileUri.toUri()
+    )
-      )
     if (filePath == null || !File(filePath).isFileExist()) {
       // Close the previously opened book in the reader. Since this file is not found,
       // it will not be set in the zimFileReader. The previously opened ZIM file

buildSrc/build.gradle.kts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ repositories {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-  implementation("com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.10.0-alpha05")
+  implementation("com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.10.0-alpha06")
   implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:2.0.0")
   implementation("com.google.devtools.ksp:com.google.devtools.ksp.gradle.plugin:2.0.0-1.0.24")
   implementation("org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.8.12")

buildSrc/src/main/kotlin/Versions.kt

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ object Versions {
 
   const val android_arch_lifecycle_extensions: String = "1.1.1"
 
-  const val com_android_tools_build_gradle: String = "8.10.0-alpha05"
+  const val com_android_tools_build_gradle: String = "8.10.0-alpha06"
 
   const val de_fayard_buildsrcversions_gradle_plugin: String = "0.7.0"
 

buildSrc/src/main/kotlin/plugin/AllProjectConfigurer.kt

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ class AllProjectConfigurer {
           add("UnusedResources")
           add("NonConstantResourceId")
           add("NotifyDataSetChanged")
+          add("Aligned16KB") // TODO: Remove when properly migrated to Android 16.
         }
         lintConfig = target.rootProject.file("lintConfig.xml")
       }

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/compat/Compat.kt

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import android.content.pm.PackageInfo
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
 import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import java.util.Locale
 
 /**
  * This interface defines a set of functions that are not available on all platforms.
@@ -76,4 +77,6 @@ interface Compat {
   fun isNetworkAvailable(connectivity: ConnectivityManager): Boolean
 
   fun isWifi(connectivity: ConnectivityManager): Boolean
+
+  fun convertToLocal(language: String): Locale
 }

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/compat/CompatHelper.kt

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ import android.os.Build
 class CompatHelper private constructor() {
   // Note: Needs ": Compat" or the type system assumes `Compat21`
   private val compatValue: Compat = when {
-    sdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU -> CompatV33()
+    Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA -> CompatV36()
+    Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU -> CompatV33()
     else -> CompatV25()
   }
 
@@ -36,10 +37,6 @@ class CompatHelper private constructor() {
     /** Singleton instance of [CompatHelper] */
     private val instance by lazy(::CompatHelper)
 
-    /** Get the current Android API level.  */
-    val sdkVersion: Int
-      get() = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT
-
     val compat get() = instance.compatValue
 
     /**
@@ -79,5 +76,7 @@ class CompatHelper private constructor() {
 
     fun ConnectivityManager.isWifi(): Boolean =
       compat.isWifi(this)
+
+    fun String.convertToLocal() = compat.convertToLocal(this)
   }
 }

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/compat/CompatV25.kt

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import java.util.Locale
 
 open class CompatV25 : Compat {
   override fun queryIntentActivities(
@@ -61,4 +62,6 @@ open class CompatV25 : Compat {
     return connectivity.getNetworkCapabilities(connectivity.activeNetwork)
       ?.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI) == true
   }
+
+  override fun convertToLocal(language: String): Locale = Locale(language)
 }

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/compat/CompatV33.kt

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@
 
 package org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat
 
-import android.annotation.TargetApi
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.PackageInfoFlags
 import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
+import java.util.Locale
 
-const val API_33 = 33
+@RequiresApi(TIRAMISU)
-
-@TargetApi(API_33)
 open class CompatV33 : Compat {
   private val compatV25 = CompatV25()
   override fun queryIntentActivities(
@@ -52,4 +52,6 @@ open class CompatV33 : Compat {
 
   override fun isWifi(connectivity: ConnectivityManager): Boolean =
     compatV25.isWifi(connectivity)
+
+  override fun convertToLocal(language: String): Locale = compatV25.convertToLocal(language)
 }

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/compat/CompatV36.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Kiwix Android
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Kiwix <android.kiwix.org>
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat
+
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
+import java.util.Locale
+
+@RequiresApi(BAKLAVA)
+open class CompatV36 : Compat {
+  private val compatV33 = CompatV33()
+  override fun queryIntentActivities(
+    packageManager: PackageManager,
+    intent: Intent,
+    flags: ResolveInfoFlagsCompat
+  ): List<ResolveInfo> = compatV33.queryIntentActivities(packageManager, intent, flags)
+
+  override fun getPackageInformation(
+    packageName: String,
+    packageManager: PackageManager,
+    flag: Int
+  ): PackageInfo =
+    compatV33.getPackageInformation(packageName, packageManager, flag)
+
+  override fun isNetworkAvailable(connectivity: ConnectivityManager): Boolean =
+    compatV33.isNetworkAvailable(connectivity)
+
+  override fun isWifi(connectivity: ConnectivityManager): Boolean =
+    compatV33.isWifi(connectivity)
+
+  override fun convertToLocal(language: String): Locale = Locale.of(language)
+}

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/dao/entities/LanguageEntity.kt

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import io.objectbox.annotation.Convert
 import io.objectbox.annotation.Entity
 import io.objectbox.annotation.Id
 import io.objectbox.converter.PropertyConverter
+import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat.CompatHelper.Companion.convertToLocal
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.zim_manager.Language
 import java.util.Locale
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ data class LanguageEntity(
 ) {
   constructor(language: Language) : this(
     0,
-    Locale(language.languageCode),
+    language.languageCode.convertToLocal(),
     language.active,
     language.occurencesOfLanguage
   )
@@ -49,5 +50,5 @@ class StringToLocaleConverter : PropertyConverter<Locale, String> {
     entityProperty?.isO3Language ?: Locale.ENGLISH.isO3Language
 
   override fun convertToEntityProperty(databaseValue: String?): Locale =
-    databaseValue?.let(::Locale) ?: Locale.ENGLISH
+    databaseValue?.convertToLocal() ?: Locale.ENGLISH
 }

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/extensions/ContextExtensions.kt

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ import android.util.TypedValue
 import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.annotation.AttrRes
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
+import androidx.core.graphics.createBitmap
+import androidx.core.graphics.drawable.toDrawable
+import androidx.core.graphics.scale
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.base.BaseBroadcastReceiver
 import java.util.Locale
 
@@ -87,14 +90,9 @@ fun Context.getResizedDrawable(resourceId: Int, width: Int, height: Int): Drawab
   val drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, resourceId)
 
   return if (drawable != null) {
-    val bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(
+    val bitmap = getBitmapFromDrawable(drawable).scale(width, height, false)
-      getBitmapFromDrawable(drawable),
-      width,
-      height,
-      false
-    )
 
-    BitmapDrawable(resources, bitmap).apply {
+    bitmap.toDrawable(resources).apply {
       bounds = drawable.bounds
     }
   } else {
@@ -107,11 +105,7 @@ fun Context.getBitmapFromDrawable(drawable: Drawable): Bitmap {
     return drawable.bitmap
   }
 
-  val bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(
+  val bitmap = createBitmap(drawable.intrinsicWidth, drawable.intrinsicHeight)
-    drawable.intrinsicWidth,
-    drawable.intrinsicHeight,
-    Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
-  )
   val canvas = Canvas(bitmap)
   drawable.setBounds(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
   drawable.draw(canvas)

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/main/CoreReaderFragment.kt

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ import androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Group
 import androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout
 import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
+import androidx.core.content.edit
 import androidx.core.net.toUri
 import androidx.core.view.GravityCompat
 import androidx.core.view.MenuHost
@@ -2516,7 +2517,6 @@ abstract class CoreReaderFragment :
           SharedPreferenceUtil.PREF_KIWIX_MOBILE,
           0
         )
-        val editor = settings.edit()
         val webViewHistoryEntityList = arrayListOf<WebViewHistoryEntity>()
         webViewList.forEachIndexed { index, view ->
           if (view.url == null) return@forEachIndexed
@@ -2525,9 +2525,10 @@ abstract class CoreReaderFragment :
         withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
           repositoryActions?.saveWebViewPageHistory(webViewHistoryEntityList)
         }
-        editor.putString(TAG_CURRENT_FILE, zimReaderContainer?.zimReaderSource?.toDatabase())
+        settings.edit {
-        editor.putInt(TAG_CURRENT_TAB, currentWebViewIndex)
+          putString(TAG_CURRENT_FILE, zimReaderContainer?.zimReaderSource?.toDatabase())
-        editor.apply()
+          putInt(TAG_CURRENT_TAB, currentWebViewIndex)
+        }
         Log.d(
           TAG_KIWIX,
           "Save current zim file to preferences: " +

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/qr/GenerateQR.kt

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.qr
 
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.graphics.Bitmap
 import android.graphics.Color
 import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ class GenerateQR @Inject constructor() {
    * @param foregroundColor The color of the QR code.
    * @param backgroundColor The background color of the QR code.
    */
+  @SuppressLint("UseKtx")
   fun createQR(
     code: String,
     size: Int = 512,

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/settings/CorePrefsFragment.kt

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.CoreApp.Companion.coreComponent
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.CoreApp.Companion.instance
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.DarkModeConfig
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.R
+import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat.CompatHelper.Companion.convertToLocal
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat.CompatHelper.Companion.getPackageInformation
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat.CompatHelper.Companion.getVersionCode
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.dao.LibkiwixBookmarks
@@ -169,9 +170,7 @@ abstract class CorePrefsFragment :
           if (selectedLang == Locale.ROOT.toString()) {
             getString(R.string.device_default)
           } else {
-            Locale(
+            selectedLang.convertToLocal().displayLanguage
-              selectedLang
-            ).displayLanguage
           }
         languagePref.onPreferenceChangeListener =
           Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener { _, newValue ->
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ abstract class CorePrefsFragment :
     val entries = arrayOfNulls<String>(languageCodeList.size)
     entries[0] = getString(R.string.device_default)
     for (i in 1 until languageCodeList.size) {
-      val locale = Locale(languageCodeList[i])
+      val locale = languageCodeList[i].convertToLocal()
       entries[i] = locale.displayLanguage + " (" + locale.getDisplayLanguage(locale) + ") "
     }
     return entries
@@ -389,7 +388,7 @@ abstract class CorePrefsFragment :
     }
     try {
       fileSelectLauncher.launch(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Select a bookmark file"))
-    } catch (ex: ActivityNotFoundException) {
+    } catch (_: ActivityNotFoundException) {
       activity.toast(
         resources.getString(R.string.no_app_found_to_select_bookmark_file),
         Toast.LENGTH_SHORT

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/utils/LanguageContainer.kt

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.utils
 
+import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat.CompatHelper.Companion.convertToLocal
 import java.util.Locale
 
 class LanguageContainer private constructor(val languageCode: String, val languageName: String) {
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class LanguageContainer private constructor(val languageCode: String, val langua
 
   companion object {
     private fun chooseLanguageName(languageCode: String): String {
-      val displayLanguage = Locale(languageCode).displayLanguage
+      val displayLanguage = languageCode.convertToLocal().displayLanguage
       return if (displayLanguage.length == 2 || displayLanguage.isEmpty()) {
         Locale.ENGLISH.displayLanguage
       } else {

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/utils/files/FileUtils.kt

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ import java.io.File
 import java.io.FileInputStream
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException
 import java.io.IOException
+import androidx.core.net.toUri
 
 object FileUtils {
   private val fileOperationMutex = Mutex()

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/zim_manager/Language.kt

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ package org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.zim_manager
 
 import android.os.Parcelable
 import kotlinx.parcelize.Parcelize
+import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat.CompatHelper.Companion.convertToLocal
 import java.util.Locale
 
 @Parcelize
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ data class Language constructor(
     languageCode: String,
     active: Boolean,
     occurrencesOfLanguage: Int
-  ) : this(Locale(languageCode), active, occurrencesOfLanguage)
+  ) : this(languageCode.convertToLocal(), active, occurrencesOfLanguage)
 
   override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean =
     (other as Language).language == language && other.active == active

core/src/main/java/org/kiwix/kiwixmobile/core/zim_manager/fileselect_view/BooksOnDiskListItem.kt

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.zim_manager.fileselect_view
 
+import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.compat.CompatHelper.Companion.convertToLocal
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.dao.entities.BookOnDiskEntity
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.dao.entities.DownloadRoomEntity
 import org.kiwix.kiwixmobile.core.entity.LibraryNetworkEntity
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ sealed class BooksOnDiskListItem {
     override val id: Long = databaseId
   ) : BooksOnDiskListItem() {
     val locale: Locale by lazy {
-      Locale(book.language)
+      book.language.convertToLocal()
     }
 
     constructor(bookOnDiskEntity: BookOnDiskEntity) : this(

lintConfig.xml

@@ -52,4 +52,5 @@
     <ignore path="**/androidTest/**.kt" />
   </issue>
   <issue id="PrivateResource" severity="warning" />
+  <issue id="AnnotateVersionCheck" severity="warning" />
 </lint>