From 0965f4e04b7d9ea6c751d1578fde818ee3525ab9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jaifroid Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2017 09:22:45 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Cleanup Former-commit-id: 53e2ff5aafe01000dd4627d94b74b12a1a287c67 [formerly bc9b4143144d5270c3128088334d7da99c851549] Former-commit-id: 22b55ab3a2456943ec8743c968851132d583268d --- www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_desktop.html | 832 ----------------- www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_mobile.html | 859 ------------------ ...oid_mediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid.css | 1 - www/-/s/style-mobile.css.old | 1 - 4 files changed, 1693 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_desktop.html delete mode 100644 www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_mobile.html delete mode 100644 www/-/s/css_modules/skins.minerva.base.reset_skins.minerva.content.styles_ext.cite.style_mediawiki.page.gallery.styles_mobile.app.pagesty_es.android_mediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid.css delete mode 100644 www/-/s/style-mobile.css.old diff --git a/www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_desktop.html b/www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_desktop.html deleted file mode 100644 index b59b79c4..00000000 --- a/www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_desktop.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,832 +0,0 @@ -PIRACETAM - DESKTOP - - - Piracetam - - - - - -
- -

Piracetam

-
-
Piracetam
-
-
Clinical data
Trade names -Breinox, Dinagen, Lucetam, Nootropil, Nootropyl, Oikamid, Piracetam and many others
AHFS/Drugs.com -International Drug Names
Routes of
administration		 -Oral, parenteral, or vaporized
ATC code -N06BX03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status -
-
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
    • -
  • CA: Unscheduled
    • -
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
    • -
  • US: Not permitted as drug or supplement
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability -~100%
Biological half-life -4–5 hr
Excretion -Urinary
Identifiers
-
CAS Number -7491-74-9 YesY
PubChem (CID) -4843
IUPHAR/BPS -4288
ChemSpider -4677 YesY
UNII -ZH516LNZ10 YesY
KEGG -D01914 YesY
ChEMBL -CHEMBL36715 YesY
ECHA InfoCard -100.028.466
Chemical and physical data
Formula -C6H10N2O2
Molar mass -142.16 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) -Interactive image
-
-
  (verify)
- -

Piracetam (sold under many brand names) is a nootropic drug in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid. Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of GABA. Presently piracetam is used in many European countries, Asia and South America. In the United States, it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for any medical use and it is not permitted to be sold as a dietary supplement.[1][2] In the UK, piracetam is prescribed mainly for myoclonus,[3] but is used off-label for other conditions. Evidence to support its use for many conditions is unclear.

- -

Medical uses

- -

Dementia

-

A 2001 Cochrane review concluded that there was not enough evidence to support piracetam for dementia or cognitive problems.[4] A 2002 review and 2005 review concluded that piracetam had some positive effects in older patients with these problems.[5][6] In 2008, a working group of the British Academy of Medical Sciences noted that many of the trials of piracetam for dementia were flawed.[7][8]

- -

Depression and anxiety

-

Some sources suggest that piracetam's overall effect on lowering depression and anxiety is higher than on improving memory.[9] However, depression is reported to be an occasional adverse effect of piracetam.[10]

- -

Other

-

Peripheral vascular effects of piracetam have suggested its use potential for vertigo, dyslexia and sickle cell anemia.[6] A subsequent Cochrane review of the evidence did not support piracetam's use in sickle cell crisis prevention.[11] Piracetam may have potential for the treatment of the symptoms of childhood autism.[12]

- -

Side effects

-

Piracetam has been found to have very few side effects, and those it has are typically "few, mild, and transient."[13] A large-scale, 12-week trial of high-dose piracetam found no adverse effects occurred in the group taking piracetam as compared to the placebo group.[14] Many other studies have likewise found piracetam to be well tolerated.[13][15][16]

- -

Symptoms of general excitability, including anxiety, insomnia, irritability, headache, agitation, nervousness, tremor, and hyperkinesia, are occasionally reported.[10][17][18] Other reported side effects include somnolence, weight gain, clinical depression, weakness, increased libido, and hypersexuality.[10]

- -

Toxicity

-

The LD50 for oral consumption in humans has not been determined;[19] however, the LD50 is 5.6 g/kg for rats and 20 g/kg for mice, indicating extremely low acute toxicity.[20]

- -

Mechanisms of action

-

Piracetam's mechanism of action, as with racetams in general, is not fully understood. The drug influences neuronal and vascular functions and influences cognitive function without acting as a sedative or stimulant.[6] Piracetam is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor.[21] It is hypothesized to act on ion channels or ion carriers, thus leading to increased neuron excitability.[19] GABA brain metabolism and GABA receptors are not affected by piracetam [22]

- -

It has been found to increase blood flow and oxygen consumption in parts of the brain, but this may be a side effect of increased brain activity rather than a primary effect or mechanism of action for the drug.[23]

- -

Piracetam improves the function of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine via muscarinic cholinergic (ACh) receptors, which are implicated in memory processes.[24] Furthermore, piracetam may have an effect on NMDA glutamate receptors, which are involved with learning and memory processes. Piracetam is thought to increase cell membrane permeability.[24][25] Piracetam may exert its global effect on brain neurotransmission via modulation of ion channels (i.e., Na+, K+).[19] It has been found to increase oxygen consumption in the brain, apparently in connection to ATP metabolism, and increases the activity of adenylate kinase in rat brains.[26][27] Piracetam, while in the brain, appears to increase the synthesis of cytochrome b5,[28] which is a part of the electron transport mechanism in mitochondria. But in the brain, it also increases the permeability of the mitochondria of some intermediaries of the Krebs cycle.[26]

- -

History

-

Piracetam was first made in some time between the 1950s and 1964.[29] There are reports of it being used for epilepsy in the 1950s.[30]

- -

Approval

-

Piracetam is primarily used in Europe, Asia, and South America. In the United States, it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for any medical use and it is not permitted to be sold as a dietary supplement. Piracetam is legal to import into the United Kingdom for personal use with or without prescription. Piracetam has no DIN in Canada, and thus cannot be sold but can be imported for personal use in Canada.[31] It has become popular as a cognitive enhancement drug among students.[32]

- -

Availability

-
Piracetam 800 mg tablets
-

Piracetam is sold under a wide variety of brand names worldwide. Popular trade names for piracetam in Europe are Nootropil and Lucetam, among many others. In Argentina, it is made by GlaxoSmithKline S.A. laboratories and sold under the trade name of Noostan (800 mg or 1200 mg). In Venezuela and Ecuador, piracetam is produced by Laboratorios Farma S.A. and sold under the brand name Breinox. In Mexico it is produced by UCB de Mexico, and sold under the brand name of Nootropil. Other names include Nootropil in the United States, Europe, Brazil, Hong Kong, India, and Mexico; Lucetam, Oikamid, Smart, Geratam, and Biotropil in Europe and Brazil; Neurobasal in Colombia; Breinox in Ecuador and Venezuela;Stimulan in Egypt; and Nocetan in Latin America.

- -

See also

-
  • Aniracetam
    • -
  • Brivaracetam — an analogue of piracetam with the same additional side chain as levetiracetam and a three–carbon chain. It exhibits greater antiepileptic properties than levetiracetam in animal models, but with a somewhat smaller, although still high, therapeutic range.
    • -
  • Hydergine
    • -
  • Levetiracetam — an analogue of piracetam bearing an additional CH3–CH2– sidechain and bearing antiepileptic pharmacological properties through a poorly understood mechanism probably related to its affinity for the vesicle protein SV2A.
    • -
  • Oxiracetam
    • -
  • Phenylpiracetam — a phenylated analog of the drug piracetam which was developed in 1983 in Russia where it is available as a prescription drug.
    • -
  • Pramiracetam
- -

Notes

-
-
  1. ↑ Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations
  2. ↑ Enforcement Report - Week of 20 March 2013
  3. ↑ "Nootropil". NetDoctor.co.uk. 8 July 2004. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  4. ↑ Flicker, L; Grimley Evans, G (2001). "Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2): CD001011. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001011. PMID 11405971.
  5. ↑ Waegemans, T; Wilsher, CR; Danniau, A; Ferris, SH; Kurz, A; Winblad, B (2002). "Clinical efficacy of piracetam in cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis.". Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. 13 (4): 217–24. doi:10.1159/000057700. PMID 12006732.
  6. 1 2 3 Winblad, B (2005). "Piracetam: a review of pharmacological properties and clinical uses". CNS Drug Reviews. 11 (2): 169–82. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00268.x. PMID 16007238.
  7. ↑ Horne G, et al. (May 2008). Brain science, addiction and drugs (PDF) (Report). Academy of Medical Sciences. p. 145. ISBN 1-903401-18-6.
  8. ↑ Talbot, Margaret (27 April 2009). "Brain Gain: The underground world of 'neuroenhancing' drugs". The New Yorker. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  9. ↑ Malykh AG, Sadaie MR (February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders". Drugs. 70 (3): 287–312. doi:10.2165/11319230-000000000-00000. PMID 20166767.
  10. 1 2 3 Nootropil®. Arzneimittel-Kompendium der Schweiz. 2013-09-12. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
  11. ↑ Al Hajeri, AA; Fedorowicz, Z; Omran, A; Tadmouri, GO (18 April 2007). "Piracetam for reducing the incidence of painful sickle cell disease crises.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2): CD006111. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006111.pub2. PMID 17443614.
  12. ↑ Akhondzadeh, S., et al. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of piracetam added to risperidone in patients with autistic disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, Vol 39(3), Sep, 2008. pp. 237–245.
  13. 1 2 Koskiniemi, M; Van Vleymen, B; Hakamies, L; Lamusuo, S; Taalas, J (1998). "Piracetam relieves symptoms in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a multicentre, randomised, double blind, crossover study comparing the efficacy and safety of three dosages of oral piracetam with placebo". Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 64 (3): 344–8. doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.3.344. PMC 2169975. PMID 9527146.
  14. ↑ De Reuck, J; Van Vleymen, B (1999). "The clinical safety of high-dose piracetam--its use in the treatment of acute stroke". Pharmacopsychiatry. 32 Suppl 1: 33–7. doi:10.1055/s-2007-979234. PMID 10338106.
  15. ↑ Fedi, M; Reutens, D; Dubeau, F; Andermann, E; D'agostino, D; Andermann, F (2001). "Long-term efficacy and safety of piracetam in the treatment of progressive myoclonus epilepsy". Archives of neurology. 58 (5): 781–6. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.5.781. PMID 11346373.
  16. ↑ Giurgea, C.; Salama, M. (1977). "Nootropic drugs". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol. 1 (3–4): 235–247. doi:10.1016/0364-7722(77)90046-7.
  17. ↑ Chouinard, G; Annable, L; Ross-Chouinard, A; Olivier, M; Fontaine, F (1983). "Piracetam in elderly psychiatric patients with mild diffuse cerebral impairment". Psychopharmacology. 81 (2): 100–6. doi:10.1007/BF00429000. PMID 6415738.
  18. ↑ Hakkarainen, H; Hakamies, L (1978). "Piracetam in the treatment of post-concussional syndrome. A double-blind study". European neurology. 17 (1): 50–5. doi:10.1159/000114922. PMID 342247.
  19. 1 2 3 Gouliaev, AH; Senning, A (1994). "Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics". Brain research. Brain research reviews. 19 (2): 180–222. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)90011-6. PMID 8061686.
  20. ↑ "Piracetam Material Safety Sheet" (PDF). Spectrum.
  21. ↑ Ahmed, A; Oswald, R (2010). "Piracetam Defines a New Binding Site for Allosteric Modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 53 (5): 2197–2203. doi:10.1021/jm901905j. PMC 2872987. PMID 20163115.
  22. ↑ Giurgea, Corneliu E. (1982-01-01). "The nootropic concept and its prospective implications". Drug Development Research. 2 (5): 441–446. doi:10.1002/ddr.430020505. ISSN 1098-2299.
  23. ↑ Jordaan, B; Oliver, DW; Dormehl, IC; Hugo, N (1996). "Cerebral blood flow effects of piracetam, pentifylline, and nicotinic acid in the baboon model compared with the known effect of acetazolamide". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 46 (9): 844–7. PMID 8876930.
  24. 1 2 Winnicka, K; Tomasiak, M; Bielawska, A (2005). "Piracetam--an old drug with novel properties?". Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 62 (5): 405–9. PMID 16459490.
  25. ↑ Müller, WE; Eckert, GP; Eckert, A (1999). "Piracetam: novelty in a unique mode of action". Pharmacopsychiatry. 32 Suppl 1: 2–9. doi:10.1055/s-2007-979230. PMID 10338102.
  26. 1 2 Grau, M; Montero, JL; Balasch, J (1987). "Effect of Piracetam on electrocorticogram and local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat". General pharmacology. 18 (2): 205–11. doi:10.1016/0306-3623(87)90252-7. PMID 3569848.
  27. ↑ Nickolson, VJ; Wolthuis, OL (1976). "Effect of the acquisition-enhancing drug piracetam on rat cerebral energy metabolism. Comparison with naftidrofuryl and methamphetamine". Biochemical pharmacology. 25 (20): 2241–4. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(76)90004-6. PMID 985556.
  28. ↑ Tacconi, MT; Wurtman, RJ (1986). "Piracetam: physiological disposition and mechanism of action". Advances in neurology. 43: 675–85. PMID 3946121.
  29. ↑ Li, Jie Jack; Corey, E. J. (2013). Drug Discovery: Practices, Processes, and Perspectives. John Wiley & Sons. p. 276. ISBN 9781118354469.
  30. ↑ M.D, Emeritus Profess of Neurology and Head of Epilepsy Research Group Berlin Dieter Schmidt; Shorvon, Emeritus Profess of Neurology and Consultant Neurologist Simon (2016). The End of Epilepsy?: A History of the Modern Era of Epilepsy Research 1860-2010. Oxford University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780198725909.
  31. ↑ #2, Government of Canada, Health Canada, Health Products and Food Branch, HPFB Inspectorate, Inspectorate Ottawa, Compliance, Enforcement and Coordination Division. "Guidance Document on the Import Requirements for Health Products under the Food and Drugs Act and its Regulations (GUI-0084) [Health Canada, 2010]". www.hc-sc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
  32. ↑ Medew, Julia (1 October 2009). "Call for testing on 'smart drugs'". Fairfax Media. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
- -

References

- - - - - - -
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piracetam.
- - - - - - - - - - - -
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/21/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.
-
- - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_mobile.html b/www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_mobile.html deleted file mode 100644 index 8fd6577f..00000000 --- a/www/-/s/css_modules/piracetam_mobile.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,859 +0,0 @@ -PIRACETAM MOBILE - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
-
- -
-

-

-
- Piracetam -

-
-

Piracetam (sold under many brand names) is a nootropic drug in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid. Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric acid). Presently piracetam is used in many European countries, Asia and South America. In the United States, it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for any medical use and it is not permitted to be sold as a dietary supplement.[1][2] In the UK, piracetam is prescribed mainly for myoclonus,[3] but is used off-label for other conditions. Evidence to support its use for many conditions is unclear.

 -
Piracetam
-
-
Clinical data
Trade names -Breinox, Dinagen, Lucetam, Nootropil, Nootropyl, Oikamid, Piracetam and many others
AHFS/Drugs.com -International Drug Names
Routes of
administration		 -Oral, parenteral, or vaporized
ATC code -
Legal status
Legal status -
-
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
    • -
  • CA: Unscheduled
    • -
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
    • -
  • US: Not permitted as drug or supplement
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability -~100%
Biological half-life -4–5 hr
Excretion -Urinary
Identifiers
-
CAS Number -
PubChem CID -
IUPHAR/BPS -
ChemSpider -
UNII -
KEGG -
ChEMBL -
ECHA InfoCard -100.028.466
Chemical and physical data
Formula -C6H10N2O2
Molar mass -142.16 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) -
-
-
  (verify)
- - - - -
-

-
- Medical uses -

-
- - - - -

- Dementia -

-
- -

A 2001 Cochrane review concluded that there was not enough evidence to support piracetam for dementia or cognitive problems.[4] A 2002 review and 2005 review concluded that piracetam had some positive effects in older patients with these problems.[5][6] In 2008, a working group of the British Academy of Medical Sciences noted that many of the trials of piracetam for dementia were flawed.[7][8]

- - -
- -

- Depression and anxiety -

-
- -

Some sources suggest that piracetam's overall effect on lowering depression and anxiety is higher than on improving memory.[9] However, depression is reported to be an occasional adverse effect of piracetam.[10]

- - -
- -

- Other -

-
- -

Peripheral vascular effects of piracetam have suggested its use potential for vertigo, dyslexia and sickle cell anemia.[6] A subsequent Cochrane review of the evidence did not support piracetam's use in sickle cell crisis prevention.[11]

- - -
- - - - -
-

-
- Side effects -

-
- -

Piracetam has been found to have very few side effects, and those it has are typically "few, mild, and transient."[12] A large-scale, 12-week trial of high-dose piracetam found no adverse effects occurred in the group taking piracetam as compared to the placebo group.[13] Many other studies have likewise found piracetam to be well tolerated.[12][14][15]

- -

Symptoms of general excitability, including anxiety, insomnia, irritability, headache, agitation, nervousness, tremor, and hyperkinesia, are occasionally reported.[10][16][17] Other reported side effects include somnolence, weight gain, clinical depression, weakness, increased libido, and hypersexuality.[10]

- - - -

- Toxicity -

-
- -

The LD50 for oral consumption in humans has not been determined;[18] however, the LD50 is 5.6 g/kg for rats and 20 g/kg for mice, indicating extremely low acute toxicity.[19]

- - -
- - -
-

-
- Mechanisms of action -

-
- -

Piracetam's mechanism of action, as with racetams in general, is not fully understood. The drug influences neuronal and vascular functions and influences cognitive function without acting as a sedative or stimulant.[6] Piracetam is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor.[20] It is hypothesized to act on ion channels or ion carriers, thus leading to increased neuron excitability.[18] GABA brain metabolism and GABA receptors are not affected by piracetam [21]

- -

It has been found to increase blood flow and oxygen consumption in parts of the brain, but this may be a side effect of increased brain activity rather than a primary effect or mechanism of action for the drug.[22]

- -

Piracetam improves the function of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine via muscarinic cholinergic (ACh) receptors, which are implicated in memory processes.[23] Furthermore, piracetam may have an effect on NMDA glutamate receptors, which are involved with learning and memory processes. Piracetam is thought to increase cell membrane permeability.[23][24] Piracetam may exert its global effect on brain neurotransmission via modulation of ion channels (i.e., Na+, K+).[18] It has been found to increase oxygen consumption in the brain, apparently in connection to ATP metabolism, and increases the activity of adenylate kinase in rat brains.[25][26] Piracetam, while in the brain, appears to increase the synthesis of cytochrome b5,[27] which is a part of the electron transport mechanism in mitochondria. But in the brain, it also increases the permeability of the mitochondria of some intermediaries of the Krebs cycle.[25]

- - - -
-

-
- History -

-
- -

Piracetam was first made some time between the 1950s and 1964.[28] There are reports of it being used for epilepsy in the 1950s.[29]

- - - -
-

-
- Approval -

-
- -

Piracetam is primarily used in Europe, Asia, and South America. In the United States, it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for any medical use and it is not permitted to be sold as a dietary supplement. Piracetam is legal to import into the United Kingdom for personal use with or without prescription. Piracetam has no DIN in Canada, and thus cannot be sold but can be imported for personal use in Canada.[30] It has become popular as a cognitive enhancement drug among students.[31]

- - - -
-

-
- Availability -

-
- -
Piracetam 800 mg tablets
-

Piracetam is sold under a wide variety of brand names worldwide. Popular trade names for piracetam in Europe are Nootropil and Lucetam, among many others. In Argentina, it is made by GlaxoSmithKline S.A. laboratories and sold under the trade name of Noostan (800 mg or 1200 mg). In Venezuela and Ecuador, piracetam is produced by Laboratorios Farma S.A. and sold under the brand name Breinox. In Mexico it is produced by UCB de Mexico, and sold under the brand name of Nootropil. Other names include Nootropil in the United States, Europe, Brazil, Hong Kong, India, and Mexico; Lucetam, Oikamid, Smart, Geratam, and Biotropil in Europe and Brazil; Neurobasal in Colombia; Breinox in Ecuador and Venezuela;Stimulan in Egypt; and Nocetan in Latin America.

- - - -
-

-
- See also -

-
- -
  • Aniracetam
    • -
  • Brivaracetam — an analogue of piracetam with the same additional side chain as levetiracetam and a three–carbon chain. It exhibits greater antiepileptic properties than levetiracetam in animal models, but with a somewhat smaller, although still high, therapeutic range.
    • -
  • Hydergine
    • -
  • Levetiracetam — an analogue of piracetam bearing an additional CH3–CH2– sidechain and bearing antiepileptic pharmacological properties through a poorly understood mechanism probably related to its affinity for the vesicle protein SV2A.
    • -
  • Oxiracetam
    • -
  • Phenylpiracetam — a phenylated analog of the drug piracetam which was developed in 1983 in Russia where it is available as a prescription drug.
    • -
  • Pramiracetam
- - - -
-

-
- Notes -

-
- -
-
  1. Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations
  2. Enforcement Report - Week of 20 March 2013
  3. "Nootropil". NetDoctor.co.uk. 8 July 2004. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  4. Flicker, L; Grimley Evans, G (2001). "Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2): CD001011. PMID 11405971. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001011.
  5. Waegemans, T; Wilsher, CR; Danniau, A; Ferris, SH; Kurz, A; Winblad, B (2002). "Clinical efficacy of piracetam in cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis.". Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. 13 (4): 217–24. PMID 12006732. doi:10.1159/000057700.
  6. Winblad, B (2005). "Piracetam: a review of pharmacological properties and clinical uses". CNS Drug Reviews. 11 (2): 169–82. PMID 16007238. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00268.x.
  7. Horne G, et al. (May 2008). Brain science, addiction and drugs (PDF) (Report). Academy of Medical Sciences. p. 145. ISBN 1-903401-18-6.
  8. Talbot, Margaret (27 April 2009). "Brain Gain: The underground world of 'neuroenhancing' drugs". The New Yorker. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  9. Malykh AG, Sadaie MR (February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders". Drugs. 70 (3): 287–312. PMID 20166767. doi:10.2165/11319230-000000000-00000.
  10. Nootropil®. Arzneimittel-Kompendium der Schweiz. 2013-09-12. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
  11. Al Hajeri, AA; Fedorowicz, Z; Omran, A; Tadmouri, GO (18 April 2007). "Piracetam for reducing the incidence of painful sickle cell disease crises.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2): CD006111. PMID 17443614. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006111.pub2.
  12. Koskiniemi, M; Van Vleymen, B; Hakamies, L; Lamusuo, S; Taalas, J (1998). "Piracetam relieves symptoms in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a multicentre, randomised, double blind, crossover study comparing the efficacy and safety of three dosages of oral piracetam with placebo". Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 64 (3): 344–8. PMC 2169975 . PMID 9527146. doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.3.344.
  13. De Reuck, J; Van Vleymen, B (1999). "The clinical safety of high-dose piracetam--its use in the treatment of acute stroke". Pharmacopsychiatry. 32 Suppl 1: 33–7. PMID 10338106. doi:10.1055/s-2007-979234.
  14. Fedi, M; Reutens, D; Dubeau, F; Andermann, E; D'agostino, D; Andermann, F (2001). "Long-term efficacy and safety of piracetam in the treatment of progressive myoclonus epilepsy". Archives of neurology. 58 (5): 781–6. PMID 11346373. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.5.781.
  15. Giurgea, C.; Salama, M. (1977). "Nootropic drugs". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol. 1 (3–4): 235–247. doi:10.1016/0364-7722(77)90046-7.
  16. Chouinard, G; Annable, L; Ross-Chouinard, A; Olivier, M; Fontaine, F (1983). "Piracetam in elderly psychiatric patients with mild diffuse cerebral impairment". Psychopharmacology. 81 (2): 100–6. PMID 6415738. doi:10.1007/BF00429000.
  17. Hakkarainen, H; Hakamies, L (1978). "Piracetam in the treatment of post-concussional syndrome. A double-blind study". European neurology. 17 (1): 50–5. PMID 342247. doi:10.1159/000114922.
  18. Gouliaev, AH; Senning, A (1994). "Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics". Brain research. Brain research reviews. 19 (2): 180–222. PMID 8061686. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)90011-6.
  19. "Piracetam Material Safety Sheet" (PDF). Spectrum.
  20. Ahmed, A; Oswald, R (2010). "Piracetam Defines a New Binding Site for Allosteric Modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 53 (5): 2197–2203. PMC 2872987 . PMID 20163115. doi:10.1021/jm901905j.
  21. Giurgea, Corneliu E. (1982-01-01). "The nootropic concept and its prospective implications". Drug Development Research. 2 (5): 441–446. ISSN 1098-2299. doi:10.1002/ddr.430020505.
  22. Jordaan, B; Oliver, DW; Dormehl, IC; Hugo, N (1996). "Cerebral blood flow effects of piracetam, pentifylline, and nicotinic acid in the baboon model compared with the known effect of acetazolamide". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 46 (9): 844–7. PMID 8876930.
  23. Winnicka, K; Tomasiak, M; Bielawska, A (2005). "Piracetam--an old drug with novel properties?". Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 62 (5): 405–9. PMID 16459490.
  24. Müller, WE; Eckert, GP; Eckert, A (1999). "Piracetam: novelty in a unique mode of action". Pharmacopsychiatry. 32 Suppl 1: 2–9. PMID 10338102. doi:10.1055/s-2007-979230.
  25. Grau, M; Montero, JL; Balasch, J (1987). "Effect of Piracetam on electrocorticogram and local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat". General pharmacology. 18 (2): 205–11. PMID 3569848. doi:10.1016/0306-3623(87)90252-7.
  26. Nickolson, VJ; Wolthuis, OL (1976). "Effect of the acquisition-enhancing drug piracetam on rat cerebral energy metabolism. Comparison with naftidrofuryl and methamphetamine". Biochemical pharmacology. 25 (20): 2241–4. PMID 985556. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(76)90004-6.
  27. Tacconi, MT; Wurtman, RJ (1986). "Piracetam: physiological disposition and mechanism of action". Advances in neurology. 43: 675–85. PMID 3946121.
  28. Li, Jie Jack; Corey, E. J. (2013). Drug Discovery: Practices, Processes, and Perspectives. John Wiley & Sons. p. 276. ISBN 9781118354469.
  29. M.D, Emeritus Profess of Neurology and Head of Epilepsy Research Group Berlin Dieter Schmidt; Shorvon, Emeritus Profess of Neurology and Consultant Neurologist Simon (2016). The End of Epilepsy?: A History of the Modern Era of Epilepsy Research 1860-2010. Oxford University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780198725909.
  30. #2, Government of Canada, Health Canada, Health Products and Food Branch, HPFB Inspectorate, Inspectorate Ottawa, Compliance, Enforcement and Coordination Division. "Guidance Document on the Import Requirements for Health Products under the Food and Drugs Act and its Regulations (GUI-0084) [Health Canada, 2010]". www.hc-sc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
  31. Medew, Julia (1 October 2009). "Call for testing on 'smart drugs'". Fairfax Media. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
- - - -
-

-
- References -

-
- - - - - -
-

-
- External links -

-
- - - - -
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piracetam.
- - -


-
- -
-

- - - - - -
-
- This article is issued from - Wikipedia. - The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. - Additional terms may apply for the media files. -
-
-
-
-
- - - - - - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/www/-/s/css_modules/skins.minerva.base.reset_skins.minerva.content.styles_ext.cite.style_mediawiki.page.gallery.styles_mobile.app.pagesty_es.android_mediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid.css b/www/-/s/css_modules/skins.minerva.base.reset_skins.minerva.content.styles_ext.cite.style_mediawiki.page.gallery.styles_mobile.app.pagesty_es.android_mediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid.css deleted file mode 100644 index 7ac13575..00000000 --- a/www/-/s/css_modules/skins.minerva.base.reset_skins.minerva.content.styles_ext.cite.style_mediawiki.page.gallery.styles_mobile.app.pagesty_es.android_mediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -html,body,div,span,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,ins,em,img,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,input,textarea,button,select,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:none}table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td{font-size:100%}caption{font-weight:bold}button{border:0;background-color:transparent}body{line-height:1;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}input{line-height:normal}ol,ul{list-style:none}table{border-collapse:collapse}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;font-size:100%}body{font-family:'Helvetica Neue','Helvetica','Nimbus Sans L','Arial','Liberation Sans',sans-serif;line-height:1.4;color:#222222;background:#fff}.pre-content,.content,.post-content{margin:0 16px}.content{line-height:1.65;word-wrap:break-word}@media all and (max-width:280px){body{font-size:0.8em}.content{margin:0 12px}}.client-js .collapsible-block{display:none}.client-js .collapsible-block.open-block{display:block}.nomobile{display:none !important}@media all and (min-width:720px){.client-js [onclick] + .collapsible-block{display:block}}.content .thumb{margin:0.6em 0}.content .thumb .thumbinner{margin:0 auto;max-width:100% !important}.content .thumbcaption{margin:0.5em 0 0;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1.5;padding:0 !important;color:#54595d;width:auto !important}.content .thumbborder{border:1px solid #c8ccd1}.content .magnify{display:none}.content img{vertical-align:middle}.content .floatright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0 0 0.6em 0.6em}.content .floatleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0 0.6em 0.6em 0}.content a > img{max-width:100% !important;height:auto !important}.content .noresize{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto}.content .noresize a > img{max-width:none !important}h1{font-size:1.7em}h2{font-size:1.5em}h3{font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold}h4{font-weight:bold}.pre-content h1,.content h1,.content h2{font-family:'Linux Libertine','Georgia','Times',serif}h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:'Helvetica Neue','Helvetica','Nimbus Sans L','Arial','Liberation Sans',sans-serif}.pre-content h1,.content h1,.content h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.3;word-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.content h2,.content h3,.content h4,.content h5,.content h6{padding:0.5em 0}blockquote{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;font-family:'Linux Libertine','Georgia','Times',serif;font-size:1.1em;padding:1em 25px 1em 30px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.hlist > ul li,ul.hlist li{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px}.content{}.content ul{list-style:square inside}.content ul > li > ul{list-style-type:disc}.content ul > li > ul > li > ul{list-style-type:circle}.content ol{list-style:decimal inside}.content ol ol,.content ul ol,.content ol ul,.content ul ul{margin-left:1em}.content ol li,.content ul li{margin-bottom:10px}.content ol li:last-child,.content ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:inherit}dl{margin-left:1em}dl dt{font-weight:bold}dl dd{display:block;overflow:auto}body.mw-hide-empty-elt .mw-empty-elt{display:none}.hlist-separated li:after{content:'￢ﾀﾢ';padding-left:8px;color:#002bb8;font-size:16px;line-height:1}.hlist-separated :last-child:after{content:''}a{text-decoration:none;color:#002bb8}a:visited{color:#5a3696}a:active{color:#faa700}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}a.new,a.new:visited,a.new:hover{color:#cc0000}a.new > *,a.new:visited > *,a.new:hover > *{color:#cc0000}a.external{background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC);background-image:url(/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/resources/skins.minerva.content.styles/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png?948bf)!ie;background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%20d%3D%22M.5%203.518h5.982V9.5H.5z%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M4.755-.16H9.99v5.39L8.417%206.774l-1.31-1.31L4.383%208.19%201.695%205.5l2.808-2.807-1.31-1.31z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M8.984.845l.022%204.884L7.19%203.91%204.308%206.79%203.08%205.567l2.882-2.88L4.112.833z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/resources/skins.minerva.content.styles/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png?948bf);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center right;padding-right:13px}.return-link,#mw-mf-last-modified{display:block;font-size:0.9em;margin-top:1.5em}.plainlinks a{background:none !important;padding:0 !important}.content p{margin:0.5em 0 1em 0}strong,b{font-weight:bold}em,i{font-style:italic}code,pre{font-family:monospace;border:solid 1px #c8ccd1;white-space:pre-wrap}code{padding:0.2em 0.5em}pre{padding:1em}sup{vertical-align:super}sub{vertical-align:sub}sub,sup{font-size:0.75em;line-height:1}.content table{margin:1em 0;overflow:auto;overflow-y:hidden;overflow-x:auto;display:block;width:100% !important}.content table caption{display:block;text-align:left}.content table.wikitable{border:1px solid #c8ccd1}.content table.wikitable > tr > th,.content table.wikitable > tr > td,.content table.wikitable > * > tr > th,.content table.wikitable > * > tr > td{border:1px solid #c8ccd1;padding:0.2em}.content table.wikitable > tr > th,.content table.wikitable > * > tr > th{background-color:#eaecf0}.collapsible td{width:auto !important}.content .tmbox,.content .ambox,.content #coordinates,.content .navbox,.content .vertical-navbox,.content .topicon,.content .metadata{display:none !important}.content table{float:none !important;margin-left:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important}.content table.infobox{font-size:90%;position:relative;border:1px solid #eaecf0;margin-bottom:2em;text-align:left;background-color:#f8f9fa}.content table.infobox th,.content table.infobox td{vertical-align:top;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0;padding:7px 10px}.content table.infobox td{width:100%}.content table.infobox tr:last-child th,.content table.infobox tr:last-child td{border:0}#filetoc,.mw-editsection{display:none}.skin-minerva .portal-column-left-wide,.skin-minerva .portal-column-left,.skin-minerva .portal-column-right,.skin-minerva .portal-column-right-narrow{float:none;width:100%}.references-column-count,.column-count{-moz-column-width:35em;-webkit-column-width:35em;column-width:35em}.references li:target{background-color:#def}.hatnote,.dablink,.rellink{padding:0 0 0.6em 0;color:#72777d;font-size:0.8em;font-style:italic}.quotebox{margin:0 0 0.8em !important;width:auto !important}@media all and (max-width:720px){.gallery .gallerybox{width:100% !important}.gallery .gallerybox div{width:100% !important}.content table.multicol > tr > td,.content table.multicol > tbody > tr > td{display:block !important;width:auto !important}.content .thumb .thumbinner{display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start}.content .thumb .thumbinner > .thumbcaption{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-moz-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-flex:1;-moz-box-flex:1;width:100%;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:1;-moz-box-ordinal-group:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;display:block}}span.mw-ref{vertical-align:super;line-height:1;font-size:smaller;unicode-bidi:embed}span.mw-ref a[data-mw-group]:after{content:'[' attr( data-mw-group ) ' ' counter( mw-Ref,decimal ) ']'}span.mw-ref a[data-mw-group='decimal']:after{content:'[' counter( mw-Ref,decimal ) ']'}span.mw-ref a[data-mw-group='lower-alpha']:after{content:'[' counter( mw-Ref,lower-alpha ) ']'}span.mw-ref a[data-mw-group='upper-alpha']:after{content:'[' counter( mw-Ref,upper-alpha ) ']'}span.mw-ref a[data-mw-group='lower-greek']:after{content:'[' counter( mw-Ref,lower-greek ) ']'}span.mw-ref a[data-mw-group='lower-roman']:after{content:'[' counter( mw-Ref,lower-roman ) ']'}span.mw-ref a[data-mw-group='upper-roman']:after{content:'[' counter( mw-Ref,upper-roman ) ']'}span.mw-ref a[data-mw-group='error-test']:after{content:'[' counter( mw-Ref,symbols( cyclic 'first' 'second' 'last!' ) ) ']'}span.mw-ref a:after{content:'[' counter( mw-Ref,decimal ) ']'}x-thereisnoelementwiththisname:after,span.mw-reflink-text{display:none}ol.mw-references{counter-reset:mw-ref-linkback}ol.mw-references li{counter-increment:mw-ref-linkback}[rel='mw:referencedBy']{counter-reset:mw-ref-linkback -1}[rel='mw:referencedBy']:before{content:'￢ﾆﾑ '}span[rel='mw:referencedBy'] a:before{counter-increment:mw-ref-linkback;content:counters( mw-ref-linkback,'.',decimal );vertical-align:super;line-height:1;font-size:smaller}span[rel='mw:referencedBy'] a:after{content:' '}x-thereisnoelementwiththisname[rel='mw:referencedBy']:before,span.mw-linkback-text{display:none}@media print{li.gallerybox{vertical-align:top;display:inline-block}ul.gallery,li.gallerybox{zoom:1;*display:inline}ul.gallery{margin:2px;padding:2px;display:block}li.gallerycaption{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;display:block;word-wrap:break-word}li.gallerybox div.thumb{text-align:center;border:1px solid #ccc;margin:2px}div.gallerytext{overflow:hidden;font-size:94%;padding:2px 4px;word-wrap:break-word}}li.gallerybox{vertical-align:top;display:-moz-inline-box;display:inline-block}ul.gallery,li.gallerybox{zoom:1;*display:inline}ul.gallery{margin:2px;padding:2px;display:block}li.gallerycaption{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;display:block;word-wrap:break-word}li.gallerybox div.thumb{text-align:center;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;background-color:#f8f9fa;margin:2px}li.gallerybox div.thumb img{display:block;margin:0 auto}div.gallerytext{overflow:hidden;font-size:94%;padding:2px 4px;word-wrap:break-word}.galleryfilename{display:block}.galleryfilename-truncate{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}ul.mw-gallery-nolines li.gallerybox div.thumb{background-color:transparent;border:0}ul.mw-gallery-nolines li.gallerybox div.gallerytext{text-align:center}ul.mw-gallery-packed li.gallerybox div.thumb,ul.mw-gallery-packed-overlay li.gallerybox div.thumb,ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox div.thumb{background-color:transparent;border:0}ul.mw-gallery-packed li.gallerybox div.thumb img,ul.mw-gallery-packed-overlay li.gallerybox div.thumb img,ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox div.thumb img{margin:0 auto}ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox,ul.mw-gallery-packed-overlay li.gallerybox{position:relative}ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover div.gallerytextwrapper{overflow:hidden;height:0}ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox:hover div.gallerytextwrapper,ul.mw-gallery-packed-overlay li.gallerybox div.gallerytextwrapper,ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox.mw-gallery-focused div.gallerytextwrapper{position:absolute;background:#fff;background:rgba( 255,255,255,0.8 );padding:5px 10px;bottom:0;left:0;height:auto;max-height:40%;overflow:hidden;font-weight:bold;margin:2px}ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox:hover div.gallerytextwrapper p,ul.mw-gallery-packed-overlay li.gallerybox div.gallerytextwrapper p,ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox.mw-gallery-focused div.gallerytextwrapper p{text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox div.gallerytextwrapper:hover,ul.mw-gallery-packed-overlay li.gallerybox div.gallerytextwrapper:hover,ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox.mw-gallery-focused div.gallerytextwrapper:hover{overflow:visible;max-height:none}ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox div.gallerytextwrapper:hover p,ul.mw-gallery-packed-overlay li.gallerybox div.gallerytextwrapper:hover p,ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover li.gallerybox.mw-gallery-focused div.gallerytextwrapper:hover p{text-overflow:clip;white-space:normal;overflow:visible}ul.mw-gallery-packed-hover,ul.mw-gallery-packed-overlay,ul.mw-gallery-packed{text-align:center}ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow{display:block;margin:4em 0}ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow .gallerycaption{font-size:1.3em;margin:0}ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow .gallerycarousel.mw-gallery-slideshow-thumbnails-toggled{margin-bottom:1.3em}ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow .mw-gallery-slideshow-buttons{opacity:0.5;padding:1.3em 0}ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow .mw-gallery-slideshow-buttons .oo-ui-buttonElement{margin:0 2em}.mw-gallery-slideshow li.gallerybox.slideshow-current{background:#efefef}.mw-gallery-slideshow .gallerybox > div{max-width:120px}ul.mw-gallery-slideshow li.gallerybox div.thumb{border:0;background:transparent}ul.mw-gallery-slideshow li.gallerycarousel{display:block;text-align:center}.mw-gallery-slideshow-img-container a{display:block}#issues_container div.hatnote{display:none}a.disambig_button{text-decoration:none;color:#555;float:left}a.disambig_button:active{color:#b0b0b0}a.edit_section_button{height:32px;width:32px;border:8px solid transparent;background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/extensions/MobileApp/images/edit.png?dd026)!ie;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:32px 32px;float:right;display:inline-float}a.edit_section_button.android{height:28px;width:28px;margin-right:8px;border:0;background-image:url(../../../I/s/css_modules/file:/android_asset/images/edit.png);background-size:28px 28px;background-position:center;position:relative}a.edit_section_button:active{background-color:rgba(128,128,128,0.1)}a.edit_section_button.android:active{background-color:transparent}a.edit_section_button.android:before{content:'';position:absolute;z-index:-1;border-radius:50%;-webkit-transform:scale(0);transform:scale(0);-webkit-transition:transform 300ms cubic-bezier(0.25,0.46,0.45,0.94);transition:transform 300ms cubic-bezier(0.25,0.46,0.45,0.94)}a.edit_section_button.android:active:before{width:200%;height:200%;top:-50%;left:-50%;background-color:#eee;-webkit-transform:scale(0.6);transform:scale(0.6)}.no-editing a.edit_section_button{display:none}.page-protected a.edit_section_button{background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/extensions/MobileApp/images/edit-locked.png?2ded5)!ie}.page-protected a.edit_section_button.android{background-image:url(../../../I/s/css_modules/file:/android_asset/images/edit-locked.png)}#mainpage a.edit_section_button{display:none}.content-rtl a.edit_section_button{float:left;-webkit-transform:scaleX(-1);transform:scaleX(-1)}.content-rtl a.edit_section_button.android{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}.content-rtl .edit_section_button_wrapper.android{float:left;-webkit-transform:scaleX(-1);transform:scaleX(-1)}.hide-when-compact{display:none}.mobile-float-reset{float:none !important;width:100% !important}#content .vertical-navbox,#content .navbox{display:none}@media all and (min-width:768px){#content .vertical-navbox,#content .navbox{display:inherit}}@media screen,handheld{.citation *.printonly{display:none}}.citation{word-wrap:break-word}.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.navbar ul{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.navbar.mini li span{font-variant:small-caps}.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:6em}.hlist dl,.hlist ol,.hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.hlist dd,.hlist dt,.hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.hlist dl dl,.hlist dl ol,.hlist dl ul,.hlist ol dl,.hlist ol ol,.hlist ol ul,.hlist ul dl,.hlist ul ol,.hlist ul ul{display:inline}#content .hlist dt:after{content:':'}#content .hlist dd:after,#content .hlist li:after{content:' ￂﾷ ';font-weight:bold}#content .hlist dd:last-child:after,#content .hlist dt:last-child:after,#content .hlist li:last-child:after{content:none}#content .hlist dd dd:first-child:before,#content .hlist dd dt:first-child:before,#content .hlist dd li:first-child:before,#content .hlist dt dd:first-child:before,#content .hlist dt dt:first-child:before,#content .hlist dt li:first-child:before,#content .hlist li dd:first-child:before,#content .hlist li dt:first-child:before,#content .hlist li li:first-child:before{content:' (';font-weight:normal}#content .hlist dd dd:last-child:after,#content .hlist dd dt:last-child:after,#content .hlist dd li:last-child:after,#content .hlist dt dd:last-child:after,#content .hlist dt dt:last-child:after,#content .hlist dt li:last-child:after,#content .hlist li dd:last-child:after,#content .hlist li dt:last-child:after,#content .hlist li li:last-child:after{content:') ';font-weight:normal}#content .hlist ol{counter-reset:list-item}#content .hlist ol > li{counter-increment:list-item}#content .hlist ol > li:before{content:' ' counter(list-item) ' '}#content .hlist dd ol > li:first-child:before,#content .hlist dt ol > li:first-child:before,#content .hlist li ol > li:first-child:before{content:' (' counter(list-item) ' '}.plainlist ul{list-style:none}.compact-ambox table .mbox-image,.compact-ambox table .mbox-imageright,.compact-ambox table .mbox-empty-cell{display:none}.compact-ambox table.ambox{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em !important;padding:0 !important;width:auto;display:block}.compact-ambox table.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.compact-ambox table .mbox-text{padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important}.compact-ambox table .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:square;list-style-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQANAIAAAGOMnP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAAFAA0AAAIJjI+pu+APo4SpADs=)}.compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}.rellink,.dablink,.hatnote{font-style:italic}.rellink i,.dablink i,.hatnote i{font-style:normal}div.rellink,div.dablink,div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.geo-default,.geo-dms,.geo-dec{display:inline}.geo-nondefault,.geo-multi-punct{display:none}.longitude,.latitude{white-space:nowrap}.nowrap,.nowraplinks a,.nowraplinks .selflink,sup.reference a{white-space:nowrap}.wrap,.wraplinks a{white-space:normal}.sysop-show,.accountcreator-show,.autoconfirmed-show{display:none}#li-coordinates{background-image:url(/w/extensions/MobileApp/images/80px-Edge-firefox.png?120ff);float:right;display:none;-webkit-background-size:auto 30px;background-size:auto 30px}.client-js .content_block.coordinates{display:none;text-align:right;margin-bottom:0.5em;font-size:smaller}.client-js .content_block.coordinates .latitude{display:none;padding-left:20px;background-image:url(/w/extensions/MobileApp/images/50px-Edge-firefox.png?14d02);background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:auto 15px;background-size:auto 15px}.alpha #li-coordinates{display:list-item}.client-js .beta .content_block.coordinates{display:block}.client-js .beta .content_block.coordinates .latitude{display:inline}.topicon{display:none}td .sortkey,th .sortkey{display:none;speak:none}.transborder{border:solid transparent}.image_overflow_x_container{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}.visualhide{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}h2.section_heading{padding:20px 0 10px;margin-bottom:0}h3.section_heading{font-family:'Helvetica Neue','Helvetica','Nimbus Sans L','Arial','Liberation Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:bold;padding:15px 0 0 !important}div.issues_container{margin-top:-0.2em;margin-bottom:2.2em;padding-top:1px;padding-bottom:1px;width:100%;display:block;font-size:0.9em;letter-spacing:0.02em;color:#555}span.issues_separator{padding-left:0.6em;padding-right:0.6em;float:left}a.issues_button{text-decoration:none;color:#555;float:left}a.issues_button:active{color:#b0b0b0}.loading{border:4px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-top:4px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.4);border-radius:100%;-webkit-animation:rot 0.6s infinite linear}@-webkit-keyframes rot{from{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg)}to{-webkit-transform:rotate(359deg)}}#loading_sections{margin:8px auto;height:24px;width:24px}.ipa_button{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-3px;background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,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);background-image:url(/w/extensions/MobileApp/images/ipa.png?736e4)!ie;background-size:28px 16px;height:16px;width:28px}.mcs-ipa{display:none}.content figure{max-width:100%;-webkit-margin-before:0 !important;-webkit-margin-after:0 !important;-webkit-margin-start:0 !important;-webkit-margin-end:0 !important}.content figure img,.content figure video{margin:0.6em auto 0.6em auto;display:block;clear:both}.content figcaption{margin:0.5em 0 0;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1.5;padding:0 !important;color:#555;width:auto !important}.mw-body-content{counter-reset:mw-numbered-ext-link}.mw-body-content a[rel~='mw:ExtLink']:empty:after{content:'[' counter(mw-numbered-ext-link) ']';counter-increment:mw-numbered-ext-link}span.reference{font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:super;unicode-bidi:-moz-isolate;unicode-bidi:isolate}sup,sub{line-height:1}figure[typeof*='mw:Image'],figure[typeof*='mw:Video'],figure[typeof*='mw:Audio']{margin:0}figure[typeof*='mw:Image'] a,figure[typeof*='mw:Video'] a,figure[typeof*='mw:Audio'] a{border:0}figure[typeof*='mw:Image'].mw-halign-right,figure[typeof*='mw:Video'].mw-halign-right,figure[typeof*='mw:Audio'].mw-halign-right{margin:0.5em 0 1.3em 1.4em;clear:right;float:right}figure[typeof*='mw:Image'].mw-halign-left,figure[typeof*='mw:Video'].mw-halign-left,figure[typeof*='mw:Audio'].mw-halign-left{margin:0.5em 1.4em 1.3em 0;clear:left;float:left}figure[typeof*='mw:Image'].mw-halign-none,figure[typeof*='mw:Video'].mw-halign-none,figure[typeof*='mw:Audio'].mw-halign-none{margin:0;clear:none;float:none}figure[typeof*='mw:Image'].mw-halign-center,figure[typeof*='mw:Video'].mw-halign-center,figure[typeof*='mw:Audio'].mw-halign-center{margin:0 auto 0.5em auto;display:table;clear:none;float:none}figure[typeof*='mw:Image'] > figcaption,figure[typeof*='mw:Video'] > figcaption,figure[typeof*='mw:Audio'] > figcaption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom;font-size:88.4%;line-height:1.4em;text-align:left;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-top:0;padding:0 6px 6px 6px;background-color:#f8f9fa}figure[typeof*='mw:Image'] > figcaption table,figure[typeof*='mw:Video'] > figcaption table,figure[typeof*='mw:Audio'] > figcaption table{caption-side:top}figure[typeof~='mw:Image/Thumb'],figure[typeof~='mw:Video/Thumb'],figure[typeof~='mw:Audio/Thumb'],figure[typeof~='mw:Image/Frame'],figure[typeof~='mw:Video/Frame'],figure[typeof~='mw:Audio/Frame']{display:table;overflow:auto;text-align:center;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-bottom:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:#f8f9fa;margin:0.5em 0 1.3em 1.4em;clear:right;float:right}figure[typeof~='mw:Image/Thumb'] > *:first-child > img,figure[typeof~='mw:Video/Thumb'] > *:first-child > img,figure[typeof~='mw:Audio/Thumb'] > *:first-child > img,figure[typeof~='mw:Image/Frame'] > *:first-child > img,figure[typeof~='mw:Video/Frame'] > *:first-child > img,figure[typeof~='mw:Audio/Frame'] > *:first-child > img,figure[typeof~='mw:Image/Thumb'] > *:first-child > video,figure[typeof~='mw:Video/Thumb'] > *:first-child > video,figure[typeof~='mw:Audio/Thumb'] > *:first-child > video,figure[typeof~='mw:Image/Frame'] > *:first-child > video,figure[typeof~='mw:Video/Frame'] > *:first-child > video,figure[typeof~='mw:Audio/Frame'] > *:first-child > video{border:1px solid #c8ccd1;margin:3px;background:#fff}.mw-image-border > *:first-child > img,.mw-image-border > *:first-child > video{border:1px solid #eaecf0}figure[typeof~='mw:Image/Frameless'] > figcaption,figure[typeof~='mw:Video/Frameless'] > figcaption,figure[typeof~='mw:Audio/Frameless'] > figcaption,figure[typeof~='mw:Image'] > figcaption,figure[typeof~='mw:Video'] > figcaption,figure[typeof~='mw:Audio'] > figcaption{display:none} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/www/-/s/style-mobile.css.old b/www/-/s/style-mobile.css.old deleted file mode 100644 index ecde6c8d..00000000 --- a/www/-/s/style-mobile.css.old +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -.mw-cite-backlink,.cite-accessibility-label{-moz-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.mw-references-columns{-webkit-column-width:30em;-moz-column-width:30em;column-width:30em}.mw-references-columns li{-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}sup.reference{unicode-bidi:-moz-isolate;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap}ol.references li:target,sup.reference:target{background-color:#def;background-color:rgba( 0,127,255,0.133 )}.mw-ext-cite-error{font-weight:bold;unicode-bidi:embed}@media print{.mw-cite-backlink{display:none}}.mw-ui-button{font-family:inherit;font-size:1em;display:inline-block;min-width:4em;max-width:28.75em;padding:0.546875em 1em;line-height:1.286;margin:0;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-appearance:none;*display:inline;zoom:1;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#222222;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer}.mw-ui-button:visited{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button:hover{background-color:#ffffff;color:#444444;border-color:#a2a9b1}.mw-ui-button:focus{background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;border-color:#3366cc;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #3366cc,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button:active,.mw-ui-button.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#d9d9d9;color:#000000;border-color:#72777d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button:disabled:active{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button:focus{outline-width:0}.mw-ui-button:focus::-moz-focus-inner{border-color:transparent;padding:0}.mw-ui-button:not( :disabled ){-webkit-transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms;-moz-transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms;transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms}.mw-ui-button:disabled{text-shadow:none;cursor:default}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-big{font-size:1.3em}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-block{display:block;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive{background-color:#3366cc;color:#fff;border:1px solid #3366cc;text-shadow:0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:hover{background-color:#447ff5;border-color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:focus,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #3366cc,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-checked,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#2a4b8d;border-color:#2a4b8d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled.mw-ui-checked,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#2a4b8d}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:focus,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#3366cc}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-constructive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive{background-color:#dd3333;color:#fff;border:1px solid #dd3333;text-shadow:0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:hover{background-color:#ff4242;border-color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #dd3333,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#b32424;border-color:#b32424;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#b32424}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#dd3333}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{background:transparent;border:0;text-shadow:none;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#444444}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#000000}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{background:transparent}input.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner,button.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner{margin-top:-1px;margin-bottom:-1px}a.mw-ui-button{text-decoration:none}a.mw-ui-button:hover,a.mw-ui-button:focus{text-decoration:none}.mw-ui-button-group > *{min-width:48px;border-radius:0;float:left}.mw-ui-button-group > *:first-child{border-top-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group > *:not( :first-child ){border-left:0}.mw-ui-button-group > *:last-child{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group .is-on .button{cursor:default}.mw-ui-icon{position:relative;line-height:1.5em;min-height:1.5em;min-width:1.5em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element{text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden;width:3.5em;min-width:3.5em;max-width:3.5em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{left:0;right:0;position:absolute;margin:0 1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before,.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% auto;float:left;display:block;min-height:1.5em;content:''}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before{position:relative;width:1.5em;margin-right:1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-small:before{background-size:66.67% auto}html,body,div,span,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,ins,em,img,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,input,textarea,button,select,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:none}table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td{font-size:100%}caption{font-weight:bold}button{border:0;background-color:transparent}body{line-height:1;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}input{line-height:normal}ol,ul{list-style:none}table{border-collapse:collapse}html,body{height:100%}body{background-color:#eaecf0}#content{border-top:solid 1px transparent;padding-bottom:32px}.overlay-enabled,#content{background-color:#ffffff}.header-container{border-bottom:solid 1px #dddddd}.header-container.header-chrome{background-color:#eaecf0;border:0;box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.08)}.last-modified-bar{background-color:transparent;display:block;color:#54595d;transition:background-color 0.2s ease,color 0.2s ease}.last-modified-bar a,.last-modified-bar a:visited{color:#666666}.last-modified-bar a:nth-child( 2 ),.last-modified-bar a:visited:nth-child( 2 ){font-weight:bold}.last-modified-bar #mw-mf-last-modified{padding:5px 16px;background-color:#eaecf0}.last-modified-bar.active{color:#fff}.last-modified-bar.active #mw-mf-last-modified{background-color:#00af89}.last-modified-bar.active a{color:#fff}.header{display:table;width:100%;border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;height:3.35em;white-space:nowrap;border-top:1px solid #c8ccd1;margin-top:-1px}.header > div{width:3.35em;position:relative;vertical-align:middle;display:table-cell}.header > div a{display:block}.header .branding-box{width:auto}.header .branding-box h1{margin-left:5px;font-size:1em}.header .branding-box h1 span{line-height:1;font-size:inherit}.header .branding-box h1 img{vertical-align:middle}.header .branding-box h1 > *{float:left}.header .branding-box h1 sup{color:#54595d;display:none}.beta .header .branding-box h1 sup{display:initial}.header > .header-title{vertical-align:middle}.header .header-action > *{min-height:3.35em}.header > form,.overlay-header .overlay-title{padding:0.15em 0}.header > form:last-child,.overlay-header .overlay-title:last-child{padding-right:1em}@media all and (max-width:280px){.header .search{border:1px solid #c8ccd1;padding:0.5em 0.1em;background:none}}.search-box,.header .search-box{display:none;width:auto}.search-box{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(255,255,255,0)}.search-box .search{background-image:url(/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/resources/skins.minerva.base.styles/magnifying-glass.png?0d442);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22utf-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20id%3D%22Layer_1%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23777%22%20d%3D%22M5.9%2015.2c1.2%201.2%202.7%201.8%204.4%201.8%201.5%200%202.9-.5%204-1.4l4.3%203.9s1-.3%201.3-1.4l-4.3-3.9c1.6-2.4%201.3-5.7-.8-7.8-1.2-1.2-2.7-1.8-4.4-1.8-1.7-.1-3.3.6-4.4%201.8-2.5%202.4-2.5%206.4-.1%208.8zM7%207.7s.1-.1.2-.1c.9-.9%202-1.3%203.2-1.3%201.2%200%202.4.5%203.2%201.3%201.8%201.8%201.8%204.7%200%206.4-.9.9-2%201.3-3.2%201.3-1.2%200-2.4-.5-3.2-1.3-1.8-1.7-1.8-4.5-.2-6.3z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/resources/skins.minerva.base.styles/magnifying-glass.png?0d442);outline:0;width:100%;background-color:#fff !important;-webkit-appearance:none;padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 32px;background-position:left 6px center;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:20px 20px;background-size:20px 20px;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);margin-top:0}input.search::-webkit-search-decoration,input.search::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input.search::-webkit-search-results-button,input.search::-webkit-search-results-decoration{display:none}.content h1 .edit-page{font-size:0.58823529em}.content h2{clear:both}.content h2 .edit-page{font-size:0.66666667em}.content h3 .edit-page{font-size:0.83333333em}.content .edit-page{display:inline-block;visibility:hidden}.content .open-block .edit-page{visibility:visible}.content .section-heading{width:100%;border-bottom:solid 1px #eaecf0;margin-bottom:0.5em}.content .section-heading .indicator{font-size:0.4em;margin-left:-1em}.content .section-heading,.content .in-block{display:table}.content .section-heading .mw-headline,.content .in-block .mw-headline{width:100%}.content .section-heading > span,.content .in-block > span{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.client-nojs .section-heading .indicator{display:none}#page-secondary-actions{clear:both}#page-secondary-actions a{margin:10px 2px 2px 0}#page-secondary-actions .language-selector{margin-top:1em}.truncated-text{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;-webkit-text-overflow:ellipsis;text-overflow:ellipsis}.truncated-text.multi-line{white-space:normal;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.truncated-text.two-line{-webkit-line-clamp:2;max-height:2.6em}.overlay #secondary-button.user-button,.header #secondary-button.user-button,.overlay .user-button,.header .user-button{position:relative}.overlay #secondary-button.user-button .label,.header #secondary-button.user-button .label,.overlay .user-button .label,.header .user-button .label{visibility:hidden}.overlay #secondary-button.user-button.loading span,.header #secondary-button.user-button.loading span,.overlay .user-button.loading span,.header .user-button.loading span{display:none}.notification-count{margin:auto;height:24px;background:#eaecf0;color:#54595d;cursor:pointer}.notification-count .circle{border-radius:50%;border:2px solid #54595d;margin:auto;height:22px;width:22px;display:block;text-align:center;display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;justify-content:center}.notification-count .circle span{font-weight:bold;font-size:13px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-0.5px}.notification-count.notification-unseen{color:#ffffff}.notification-count.notification-unseen .circle{background:#dd3333;border-color:#dd3333}.notification-count.max{right:0.2em;width:2em;height:2em;line-height:2em;font-size:0.7em}.notification-count:hover{text-decoration:none}.mw-ui-button-group{text-align:center}.mw-ui-button-group *{float:none !important}.mw-ui-button-group .mw-ui-block{width:auto}.transparent-shield,.navigation-drawer{position:absolute;z-index:0;visibility:hidden}.content .nojs-edit{display:inline-block !important;visibility:visible;float:right}.client-nojs #ca-watch,#ca-talk.selected{display:none !important}.client-nojs #ca-edit{display:none}#page-actions .nojs-edit{display:inline-block}.heading-holder{padding:20px 0 3.6em;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.heading-holder h1{padding-right:16px}.heading-holder .tagline{color:#54595d;font-size:0.85em;margin:4px 0 0}.heading-holder .tagline:first-letter{text-transform:capitalize}#section_0{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}#page-actions{font-size:1.1em;float:none;border:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:0;width:100%;border-top:1px solid #eaecf0;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;padding:0.5em 0}#page-actions li{display:inline-block;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;float:right}#page-actions li input{opacity:0}#page-actions li input,#page-actions li a,#page-actions li span,#page-actions li button{position:absolute;display:block;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0 0 8px}#page-actions li button{text-indent:inherit;outline:none}#page-actions li:first-child{margin-top:0}#page-actions .language-selector{float:left;margin-left:-1em}#page-actions .language-selector.disabled{cursor:default;opacity:0.25}#page-actions #ca-edit{margin-right:-1em}@media all and (max-width:280px){.client-nojs #page-actions{display:none}.client-nojs #section_0{border:0}}@media all and (min-width:720px){#page-actions{position:initial;float:right;width:auto;border:0;margin:0 0 1em 1em}#page-actions .language-selector{float:inherit}}.cloaked-element{opacity:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0}.view-border-box *,.view-border-box{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-mf-image-replacement{font-style:italic;color:#72777d;text-decoration:underline;border:dotted 1px #c8ccd1;padding:10px;display:inline-block}textarea{padding:5px 0 5px 5px;width:100%;resize:none}.toc-mobile,.client-nojs .toc-mobile,.client-js .no-js-only,.client-js .mw-redirectedfrom,.printfooter,.jsonly{display:none}.no-js-only,.client-js .jsonly{display:inherit}.position-fixed{position:fixed !important}.touch-events :focus{outline:0}.hidden{display:none !important}#mw-mf-page-center{background-color:#eaecf0}span.mw-ui-icon{display:inline-block}.open-block .mw-ui-icon-arrow:before{-webkit-transform:scaleY(-1);transform:scaleY(-1)}.lazy-image-placeholder{background-color:#eaecf0;display:inline-block}li .lazy-image-placeholder,span .lazy-image-placeholder{display:inline-block}.client-nojs .lazy-image-placeholder{display:none}img.image-lazy-loaded{-webkit-animation:fadeInImage 0.3s ease-in;-moz-animation:fadeInImage 0.3s ease-in;-o-animation:fadeInImage 0.3s ease-in;animation:fadeInImage 0.3s ease-in}@-webkit-keyframes fadeInImage{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes fadeInImage{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}footer{border-top:solid 1px #c8ccd1;overflow:auto;padding-bottom:6px}footer .last-modified-bar{border-bottom:solid 1px #c8ccd1;background-color:#eaecf0;display:block;color:#666666;line-height:1.5em;transition:background-color 0.2s ease,color 0.2s ease}footer .last-modified-bar.active{background-color:#00af89;color:#fff}footer .last-modifier-tagline{display:block;width:100%;font-size:0.9em;padding:7px 2em 7px 0}footer .indicator{position:absolute;right:-1em}footer .indicator:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(-90deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-90deg);transform:rotate(-90deg)}.client-nojs footer .indicator{display:none}footer > .post-content{overflow:auto;margin-top:42px}footer > .post-content > *{margin-bottom:9px}footer > .post-content > h2{border-bottom:solid 1px #c8ccd1;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:42px;font-size:1em;font-weight:bold}footer > .post-content > h2:first-child{margin-top:0}footer > .post-content .hlist,footer > .post-content .license{font-size:0.875em}.rtl footer .indicator:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-moz-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}@media (min-width:720px){footer .last-modified-bar{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;font-size:1em}}@media print{.noprint,.banner-container,.header,.pre-content,.post-content{display:none}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{page-break-after:avoid}table,figure,img,.lazy-image-placeholder{page-break-inside:avoid}img{max-width:100%}}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;font-size:100%}body{font-family:'Helvetica Neue','Helvetica','Nimbus Sans L','Arial','Liberation Sans',sans-serif;line-height:1.4;color:#222222;background:#fff}.pre-content,.content,.post-content{margin:0 16px}.content{line-height:1.65;word-wrap:break-word}@media all and (max-width:280px){body{font-size:0.8em}.content{margin:0 12px}}.client-js .collapsible-block{display:none}.client-js .collapsible-block.open-block{display:block}.nomobile{display:none !important}@media all and (min-width:720px){.client-js [onclick] + .collapsible-block{display:block}}.content .thumb{margin:0.6em 0}.content .thumb .thumbinner{margin:0 auto;max-width:100% !important}.content .thumbcaption{margin:0.5em 0 0;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1.5;padding:0 !important;color:#54595d;width:auto !important}.content .thumbborder{border:1px solid #c8ccd1}.content .magnify{display:none}.content img{vertical-align:middle}.content .floatright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0 0 0.6em 0.6em}.content .floatleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0 0.6em 0.6em 0}.content a > img{max-width:100% !important;height:auto !important}.content .noresize{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto}.content .noresize a > img{max-width:none !important}h1{font-size:1.7em}h2{font-size:1.5em}h3{font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold}h4{font-weight:bold}.pre-content h1,.content h1,.content h2{font-family:'Linux Libertine','Georgia','Times',serif}h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:'Helvetica Neue','Helvetica','Nimbus Sans L','Arial','Liberation Sans',sans-serif}.pre-content h1,.content h1,.content h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.3;word-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.content h2,.content h3,.content h4,.content h5,.content h6{padding:0.5em 0}blockquote{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;font-family:'Linux Libertine','Georgia','Times',serif;font-size:1.1em;padding:1em 25px 1em 30px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.hlist > ul li,ul.hlist li{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px}.content{}.content ul{list-style:square inside}.content ul > li > ul{list-style-type:disc}.content ul > li > ul > li > ul{list-style-type:circle}.content ol{list-style:decimal inside}.content ol ol,.content ul ol,.content ol ul,.content ul ul{margin-left:1em}.content ol li,.content ul li{margin-bottom:10px}.content ol li:last-child,.content ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:inherit}dl{margin-left:1em}dl dt{font-weight:bold}dl dd{display:block;overflow:auto}body.mw-hide-empty-elt .mw-empty-elt{display:none}.hlist-separated li:after{content:'•';padding-left:8px;color:#002bb8;font-size:16px;line-height:1}.hlist-separated :last-child:after{content:''}a{text-decoration:none;color:#002bb8}a:visited{color:#5a3696}a:active{color:#faa700}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}a.new,a.new:visited,a.new:hover{color:#cc0000}a.external{background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC);background-image:url(/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/resources/skins.minerva.content.styles/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png?948bf)!ie;background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%20d%3D%22M.5%203.518h5.982V9.5H.5z%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M4.755-.16H9.99v5.39L8.417%206.774l-1.31-1.31L4.383%208.19%201.695%205.5l2.808-2.807-1.31-1.31z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M8.984.845l.022%204.884L7.19%203.91%204.308%206.79%203.08%205.567l2.882-2.88L4.112.833z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/extensions/MobileFrontend/resources/skins.minerva.content.styles/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png?948bf);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center right;padding-right:13px}.return-link,#mw-mf-last-modified{display:block;font-size:0.9em;margin-top:1.5em}.plainlinks a{background:none !important;padding:0 !important}.content p{margin:0.5em 0 1em 0}strong,b{font-weight:bold}em,i{font-style:italic}code,pre{font-family:monospace;border:solid 1px #c8ccd1;white-space:pre-wrap}code{padding:0.2em 0.5em}pre{padding:1em}sup{vertical-align:super}sub{vertical-align:sub}sub,sup{font-size:0.75em;line-height:1}.content table{margin:1em 0;overflow:auto;overflow-y:hidden;overflow-x:auto;display:block;width:100% !important}.content table caption{display:block;text-align:left}.content table.wikitable{border:1px solid #c8ccd1}.content table.wikitable > tr > th,.content table.wikitable > tr > td,.content table.wikitable > * > tr > th,.content table.wikitable > * > tr > td{border:1px solid #c8ccd1;padding:0.2em}.content table.wikitable > tr > th,.content table.wikitable > * > tr > th{background-color:#eaecf0}.collapsible td{width:auto !important}.content .tmbox,.content .ambox,.content #coordinates,.content .navbox,.content .vertical-navbox,.content .topicon,.content .metadata{display:none !important}.content table{float:none !important;margin-left:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important}.content table.infobox{font-size:90%;position:relative;border:1px solid #eaecf0;margin-bottom:2em;text-align:left;background-color:#f8f9fa}.content table.infobox th,.content table.infobox td{vertical-align:top;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0;padding:7px 10px}.content table.infobox td{width:100%}.content table.infobox tr:last-child th,.content table.infobox tr:last-child td{border:0}#filetoc,.mw-editsection{display:none}.skin-minerva .portal-column-left-wide,.skin-minerva .portal-column-left,.skin-minerva .portal-column-right,.skin-minerva .portal-column-right-narrow{float:none;width:100%}.references-column-count,.column-count{-moz-column-width:35em;-webkit-column-width:35em;column-width:35em}.references li:target{background-color:#def}.hatnote,.dablink,.rellink{padding:0 0 0.6em 0;color:#72777d;font-size:0.8em;font-style:italic}.quotebox{margin:0 0 0.8em !important;width:auto !important}@media all and (max-width:720px){.gallery .gallerybox{width:100% !important}.gallery .gallerybox div{width:100% !important}.content table.multicol > tr > td,.content table.multicol > tbody > tr > td{display:block !important;width:auto !important}.content .thumb .thumbinner{display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start}.content .thumb .thumbinner > .thumbcaption{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-moz-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-flex:1;-moz-box-flex:1;width:100%;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:1;-moz-box-ordinal-group:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;display:block}}.mw-ui-icon-notifications:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=notifications&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20xmlns%3Axlink%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink%22%3E%3Ctitle%3Eicon-export%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M9.643%2021.364c1.234%200%202.235-.956%202.235-2.136h-4.47c0%201.18%201%202.136%202.234%202.136z%22%20id%3D%22path-1%22%2F%3E%3Cmask%20id%3D%22mask-2%22%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%224.471%22%20height%3D%222.136%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D%22%23path-1%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmask%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22Page-1%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22icon-export%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22notificationIcon%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22Bell%22%20transform%3D%22translate%282%201%29%22%3E%3Cuse%20id%3D%22Page-1-Copy%22%20stroke%3D%22%2354595D%22%20mask%3D%22url%28%23mask-2%29%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20xlink%3Ahref%3D%22%23path-1%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M16.893%209.08v3.998l1.769%203.603v1.096H.623V16.68l1.769-3.603V9.08c0-2.894%201.824-5.41%204.477-6.47C7.13%201.327%208.285.383%209.643.383c1.357%200%202.511.944%202.773%202.227%202.653%201.06%204.477%203.576%204.477%206.47zM10.92%203.974H8.366c-2.438.553-4.255%202.64-4.255%205.14v4.474l-1.702%202.44h14.467l-1.702-2.44V9.114c.024-4.076-3.616-5.09-4.255-5.14z%22%20id%3D%22Combined-Shape%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595D%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=notifications&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva)}.mw-ui-icon-mainmenu:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=mainmenu&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Ctitle%3Eicon-export%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22Page-1%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22icon-export%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595D%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22menuIcon%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M21%2019H2v-2h19v2zm0-6H2v-2h19v2zm0-6H2V5h19v2z%22%20id%3D%22Combined-Shape%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=mainmenu&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva)}.mw-ui-icon-edit:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=edit&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%20-410%202048%202048%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20fill%3D%22%23777%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22g4%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1670.264-159.32q-108.757%200-108.757%20124.825l1.236%20109.993h216.278l-1.233-109.993q1.236-124.824-107.52-124.824zm0-144.596q102.577%200%20171.787%2077.86%2069.21%2077.86%2069.21%20190.324v111.23h108.76v484.46h-699.505V75.5h109.993V-36.968q0-112.464%2069.21-189.09%2069.208-76.623%20170.55-77.86zm-469.632%20984.992h170.55l-795.9%20716.807-510.417%2055.614L173.622%20955.44l1027.01-918.254v164.37l-892.3%20805.79q32.132%2022.245%2096.398%2086.51l795.902-719.277v306.493z%22%20id%3D%22path6%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=edit&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva)}.mw-ui-icon-edit-enabled:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=edit-enabled&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%20-410%202048%202048%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22g4%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M307.05%201073.838q32.507%2022.505%2097.522%2087.52L1659.846%2026.108q-33.757-60.014-101.272-82.52zm-135.03-51.26L1563.576-225.197q156.284%2026.256%20276.31%20155.034Q1959.91%2058.617%201968.663%20217.4L575.858%201470.177%2060.746%201525.19z%22%20id%3D%22path6%22%20fill%3D%22%23777%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=edit-enabled&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva)}.mw-ui-icon-magnifying-glass:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=magnifying-glass&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Ctitle%3Eicon-export%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22Page-1%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22icon-export%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595D%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22SearchIcon%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M16.474%2015.441c1.147-1.376%201.835-3.212%201.835-5.162a7.98%207.98%200%200%200-8.03-8.029%207.98%207.98%200%200%200-8.029%208.03%207.98%207.98%200%200%200%208.03%208.029c1.72%200%203.211-.459%204.473-1.377l4.473%204.474c.46.459%201.262.459%201.836%200l.688-.688-5.276-5.277zM4.544%2010.28c0-3.211%202.524-5.735%205.735-5.735%203.212%200%205.736%202.524%205.736%205.735%200%203.212-2.524%205.736-5.736%205.736-3.211%200-5.735-2.638-5.735-5.736z%22%20id%3D%22Page-1%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=magnifying-glass&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva)}.mw-ui-icon-language-switcher:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=language-switcher&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2228%22%20height%3D%2221%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2028%2021%22%3E%3Ctitle%3EuniE021%20-%20translation%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22Page-1%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20fill-rule%3D%22evenodd%22%3E%3Cg%20id%3D%22uniE021---translation%22%20fill%3D%22%23777%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M23.89%2016l1.72%205h2.37L22.44%203.94h-3.3L13.34%2021h2.37l1.59-5h6.59zm-3.3-10.09l2.77%208.13h-5.54l2.77-8.13z%22%20id%3D%22Shape%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M8.2%202.63h1.18L8.07%200H5.43l.66%201.31A2.34%202.34%200%200%200%208.2%202.63z%22%20id%3D%22Shape%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M16.51%204H.15v2h2.51c.79%202.27%201.98%204.24%203.69%206.08-1.85%201.44-4.09%202.23-6.33%203.01l.66%201.97c2.64-.79%205.01-1.83%207.25-3.54%201.19.92%202.77%201.84%204.62%202.36l.66-1.97c-1.45-.39-2.64-1.05-3.69-1.83%202.5-2.5%203.29-4.99%203.42-5.25l.27-.83h2.64l.66-2zm-8.58%206.67C6.61%209.41%205.43%207.77%204.9%206h6.2c-.66%201.77-1.85%203.28-3.17%204.67-2.11-2.15%200%200%200%200z%22%20id%3D%22Shape%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/load.php?modules=skins.minerva.icons.images&image=language-switcher&format=rasterized&lang=es&skin=minerva)}@media print and (max-device-width:720px){@page{margin:50px 0}html{padding:0 50px}.header-container{background:#ffffff !important;box-shadow:none !important}.header{border-top:0;display:block;height:auto}.header .branding-box{padding-left:0 !important}.header .branding-box sup{display:none !important}.header > div{display:none !important}.header > .branding-box{height:auto;display:block !important;padding:0 0 51px 50px}.header > .branding-box h1{font-size:inherit}.header > .branding-box h1 > *{float:none}.header > .branding-box h1 img{height:41px;width:auto;vertical-align:inherit}.hatnote{display:none}.pre-content{display:block;padding:51px 0 35px}.pre-content h1{font-size:70px;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left;color:#000000}.pre-content .tagline{font-size:36px}.pre-content #page-actions{display:none}#bodyContent{padding-top:55px;position:relative}#bodyContent:before{top:0}.thumbinner{width:auto !important}.thumbinner > a{width:100%}.thumb{position:relative;padding:58px 0 !important;text-align:left;margin:0 !important}.thumb:after{bottom:30px}.thumb:after,#bodyContent:before{position:absolute;left:0;content:'';display:block;width:55px;height:2px;background:#9aa0a7}.thumbcaption{margin-top:23px !important;width:100%;font-style:italic;font-size:28px}#mw-content-text{font-size:36px}#mw-content-text a{text-decoration:underline;color:#222222}#mw-content-text .section-heading{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:16px}#mw-content-text h2{font-size:48px}#mw-content-text h3{font-size:40px;margin-bottom:13px}#mw-content-text h4,#mw-content-text h5,#mw-content-text h6{font-size:36px;margin-bottom:12px}#mw-content-text .wikitable{font-size:16px}#mw-content-text table.infobox{font-size:30px}blockquote{color:#54595d;font-style:italic;padding:5px 39px}.references .mw-cite-backlink{display:none}.references .reference-text{font-style:italic}.references a{text-decoration:none}.references .external.text{background-image:none}.printfooter{display:block;padding-top:108px;font-size:30px}footer{border-top:solid 4px #000;padding-top:23px;background:#fff !important}footer .mw-ui-icon:before{display:none !important}footer .last-modified-bar{background:none !important;border:0 !important}footer .last-modifier-tagline{font-size:36px;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:16px !important}footer .last-modified-bar,footer .last-modified-bar a{font-weight:bold !important;color:#000 !important}footer .post-content{margin-top:15px !important;display:block !important}footer .post-content .hlist,footer .post-content h2{display:none}footer .post-content .license a,footer .post-content .license{font-size:30px;color:#9aa0a7;font-weight:normal}}@media screen and (min-width:720px){.client-js #searchIcon{display:none}.header .branding-box{width:11.0625em}.header .search-box{display:table-cell;width:auto}.header .search-box .search{width:23.4375em}.toc-mobile{display:block;visibility:visible;position:relative;font-size:1.3em;float:left;clear:left;margin:1em 0;border:solid 1px transparent}.toc-mobile > h2{visibility:hidden;font-family:'Helvetica Neue','Helvetica','Nimbus Sans L','Arial','Liberation Sans',sans-serif;font-size:0.8em;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:0;padding:0.7em 0}.content_block{width:auto;clear:none}.heading-holder{padding:20px 0;position:relative}.heading-holder #section_0{border-bottom:0;padding:0 0 7px 0;font-size:2.6525em}#page-actions{padding:18px 0 0 0}#page-actions li{display:inline-block}#page-actions li:first-child{margin-top:0}.pre-content,.content,.post-content{max-width:55.8em;margin:0 3.35em}.content .thumb.tleft{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1.4em}.content .thumb.tright{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1.4em}.content table{display:table;width:auto !important}.content table caption{display:table-caption}.content table tbody{display:table-row-group}#mw-mf-last-modified{padding:5px 0}.last-modified-bar{background-color:transparent;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;font-size:1em}}@media screen and (min-width:62.5em){#mw-mf-page-center .mw-mf-banner,.banner-container,.header,.page-header-bar,.content-header,.overlay-header,.content,.overlay-content,.content-unstyled,.pre-content,.post-content,#mw-mf-page-center .pointer-overlay{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:55.8em}.header{max-width:57.8em}}@media all and (min-width:720px){table.infobox{margin:0.5em 0 1em 35px !important;max-width:320px;width:auto !important;float:right !important;clear:right !important}table.infobox td{width:auto}#mw-mf-page-center .mw-mf-banner{background-clip:content-box !important}} \ No newline at end of file