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Lionel Sambuc 10406efeac 2013/12/1 12:00:00 UTC
2014-01-15 10:53:42 +01:00

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<title> Postfix manual - postmap(1) </title>
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POSTMAP(1) POSTMAP(1)
<b>NAME</b>
postmap - Postfix lookup table management
<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
<b>postmap</b> [<b>-Nbfhimnoprsvw</b>] [<b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>] [<b>-d</b> <i>key</i>] [<b>-q</b> <i>key</i>]
[<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>type</i>:]<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i> ...
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
The <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command creates or queries one or more
Postfix lookup tables, or updates an existing one. The
input and output file formats are expected to be compati-
ble with:
<b>makemap</b> <i>file</i><b>_</b><i>type file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i> &lt; <i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i>
If the result files do not exist they will be created with
the same group and other read permissions as their source
file.
While the table update is in progress, signal delivery is
postponed, and an exclusive, advisory, lock is placed on
the entire table, in order to avoid surprises in spectator
processes.
<b>INPUT FILE FORMAT</b>
The format of a lookup table input file is as follows:
<b>o</b> A table entry has the form
<i>key</i> whitespace <i>value</i>
<b>o</b> Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored,
as are lines whose first non-whitespace character
is a `#'.
<b>o</b> A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A
line that starts with whitespace continues a logi-
cal line.
The <i>key</i> and <i>value</i> are processed as is, except that sur-
rounding white space is stripped off. Unlike with Postfix
alias databases, quotes cannot be used to protect lookup
keys that contain special characters such as `#' or white-
space.
By default the lookup key is mapped to lowercase to make
the lookups case insensitive; as of Postfix 2.3 this case
folding happens only with tables whose lookup keys are
fixed-case strings such as btree:, dbm: or hash:. With
earlier versions, the lookup key is folded even with
tables where a lookup field can match both upper and lower
case text, such as <a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp</a>: and <a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre</a>:. This resulted in
loss of information with $<i>number</i> substitutions.
<b>COMMAND-LINE ARGUMENTS</b>
<b>-b</b> Enable message body query mode. When reading lookup
keys from standard input with "<b>-q -</b>", process the
input as if it is an email message in <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822">RFC 2822</a> for-
mat. Each line of body content becomes one lookup
key.
By default, the <b>-b</b> option starts generating lookup
keys at the first non-header line, and stops when
the end of the message is reached. To simulate
<a href="header_checks.5.html"><b>body_checks</b>(5)</a> processing, enable MIME parsing with
<b>-m</b>. With this, the <b>-b</b> option generates no body-
style lookup keys for attachment MIME headers and
for attached message/* headers.
This feature is available in Postfix version 2.6
and later.
<b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>
Read the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configuration file in the named
directory instead of the default configuration
directory.
<b>-d</b> <i>key</i> Search the specified maps for <i>key</i> and remove one
entry per map. The exit status is zero when the
requested information was found.
If a key value of <b>-</b> is specified, the program reads
key values from the standard input stream. The exit
status is zero when at least one of the requested
keys was found.
<b>-f</b> Do not fold the lookup key to lower case while cre-
ating or querying a table.
With Postfix version 2.3 and later, this option has
no effect for regular expression tables. There,
case folding is controlled by appending a flag to a
pattern.
<b>-h</b> Enable message header query mode. When reading
lookup keys from standard input with "<b>-q -</b>",
process the input as if it is an email message in
<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822">RFC 2822</a> format. Each logical header line becomes
one lookup key. A multi-line header becomes one
lookup key with one or more embedded newline char-
acters.
By default, the <b>-h</b> option generates lookup keys
until the first non-header line is reached. To
simulate <a href="header_checks.5.html"><b>header_checks</b>(5)</a> processing, enable MIME
parsing with <b>-m</b>. With this, the <b>-h</b> option also gen-
erates header-style lookup keys for attachment MIME
headers and for attached message/* headers.
This feature is available in Postfix version 2.6
and later.
<b>-i</b> Incremental mode. Read entries from standard input
and do not truncate an existing database. By
default, <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> creates a new database from the
entries in <b>file_name</b>.
<b>-m</b> Enable MIME parsing with "<b>-b</b>" and "<b>-h</b>".
This feature is available in Postfix version 2.6
and later.
<b>-N</b> Include the terminating null character that termi-
nates lookup keys and values. By default,
<a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> does whatever is the default for the
host operating system.
<b>-n</b> Don't include the terminating null character that
terminates lookup keys and values. By default,
<a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> does whatever is the default for the
host operating system.
<b>-o</b> Do not release root privileges when processing a
non-root input file. By default, <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> drops
root privileges and runs as the source file owner
instead.
<b>-p</b> Do not inherit the file access permissions from the
input file when creating a new file. Instead, cre-
ate a new file with default access permissions
(mode 0644).
<b>-q</b> <i>key</i> Search the specified maps for <i>key</i> and write the
first value found to the standard output stream.
The exit status is zero when the requested informa-
tion was found.
If a key value of <b>-</b> is specified, the program reads
key values from the standard input stream and
writes one line of <i>key value</i> output for each key
that was found. The exit status is zero when at
least one of the requested keys was found.
<b>-r</b> When updating a table, do not complain about
attempts to update existing entries, and make those
updates anyway.
<b>-s</b> Retrieve all database elements, and write one line
of <i>key value</i> output for each element. The elements
are printed in database order, which is not neces-
sarily the same as the original input order.
This feature is available in Postfix version 2.2
and later, and is not available for all database
types.
<b>-v</b> Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Mul-
tiple <b>-v</b> options make the software increasingly
verbose.
<b>-w</b> When updating a table, do not complain about
attempts to update existing entries, and ignore
those attempts.
Arguments:
<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>type</i>
The database type. To find out what types are sup-
ported, use the "<b>postconf -m</b>" command.
The <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command can query any supported file
type, but it can create only the following file
types:
<b>btree</b> The output file is a btree file, named
<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i><b>.db</b>. This is available on systems
with support for <b>db</b> databases.
<b>cdb</b> The output consists of one file, named
<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i><b>.cdb</b>. This is available on systems
with support for <b>cdb</b> databases.
<b>dbm</b> The output consists of two files, named
<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i><b>.pag</b> and <i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i><b>.dir</b>. This is
available on systems with support for <b>dbm</b>
databases.
<b>hash</b> The output file is a hashed file, named
<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i><b>.db</b>. This is available on systems
with support for <b>db</b> databases.
<b>fail</b> A table that reliably fails all requests.
The lookup table name is used for logging
only. This table exists to simplify Postfix
error tests.
<b>sdbm</b> The output consists of two files, named
<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i><b>.pag</b> and <i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i><b>.dir</b>. This is
available on systems with support for <b>sdbm</b>
databases.
When no <i>file</i><b>_</b><i>type</i> is specified, the software uses
the database type specified via the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_data</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">base_type</a></b> configuration parameter.
<i>file</i><b>_</b><i>name</i>
The name of the lookup table source file when
rebuilding a database.
<b>DIAGNOSTICS</b>
Problems are logged to the standard error stream and to
<b>syslogd</b>(8). No output means that no problems were
detected. Duplicate entries are skipped and are flagged
with a warning.
<a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> terminates with zero exit status in case of
success (including successful "<b>postmap -q</b>" lookup) and
terminates with non-zero exit status in case of failure.
<b>ENVIRONMENT</b>
<b>MAIL_CONFIG</b>
Directory with Postfix configuration files.
<b>MAIL_VERBOSE</b>
Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.
<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
The following <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> parameters are especially relevant
to this program. The text below provides only a parameter
summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for more details including exam-
ples.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#berkeley_db_create_buffer_size">berkeley_db_create_buffer_size</a> (16777216)</b>
The per-table I/O buffer size for programs that
create Berkeley DB hash or btree tables.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#berkeley_db_read_buffer_size">berkeley_db_read_buffer_size</a> (131072)</b>
The per-table I/O buffer size for programs that
read Berkeley DB hash or btree tables.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and
<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration files.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The default database type for use in <a href="newaliases.1.html"><b>newaliases</b>(1)</a>,
<a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> and <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> commands.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The mail system name that is prepended to the
process name in syslog records, so that "smtpd"
becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".
<b>SEE ALSO</b>
<a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update/query alias database
<a href="postconf.1.html">postconf(1)</a>, supported database types
<a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
syslogd(8), system logging
<b>README FILES</b>
<a href="DATABASE_README.html">DATABASE_README</a>, Postfix lookup table overview
<b>LICENSE</b>
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
software.
<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
POSTMAP(1)
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