00b67f09dd
Also known as ISC bind. This import adds utilities such as host(1), dig(1), and nslookup(1), as well as many other tools and libraries. Change-Id: I035ca46e64f1965d57019e773f4ff0ef035e4aa3
1064 lines
33 KiB
Plaintext
1064 lines
33 KiB
Plaintext
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
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[<!ENTITY mdash "—">]>
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<!--
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- Copyright (C) 2004-2011, 2013, 2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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- Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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-
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- Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
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- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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-
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- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
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- REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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- AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
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- INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
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- LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
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- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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-->
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<refentry id="man.dig">
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<refentryinfo>
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<date>February 19, 2014</date>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>dig</refname>
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<refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<docinfo>
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<copyright>
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<year>2004</year>
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<year>2005</year>
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<year>2006</year>
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<year>2007</year>
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<year>2008</year>
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<year>2009</year>
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<year>2010</year>
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<year>2011</year>
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<year>2013</year>
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<year>2014</year>
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<holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
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</copyright>
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<copyright>
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<year>2000</year>
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<year>2001</year>
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<year>2002</year>
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<year>2003</year>
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<holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
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</copyright>
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</docinfo>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>dig</command>
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<arg choice="opt">@server</arg>
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<arg><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-m</option></arg>
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<arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-q <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-v</option></arg>
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<arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter"><optional>hmac:</optional>name:key</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-4</option></arg>
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<arg><option>-6</option></arg>
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<arg choice="opt">name</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">type</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">class</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">queryopt</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>dig</command>
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<arg><option>-h</option></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>dig</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">global-queryopt</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">query</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para><command>dig</command>
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(domain information groper) is a flexible tool
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for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
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displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
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were queried. Most DNS administrators use <command>dig</command> to
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troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
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clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
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than <command>dig</command>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Although <command>dig</command> is normally used with
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command-line
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arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
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requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
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and options is printed when the <option>-h</option> option is given.
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Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
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<command>dig</command> allows multiple lookups to be issued
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from the
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command line.
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</para>
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<para>
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Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
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<command>dig</command> will try each of the servers listed in
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<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. If no usable server addresses
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are found, <command>dig</command> will send the query to the local
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host.
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</para>
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<para>
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When no command line arguments or options are given,
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<command>dig</command> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
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</para>
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<para>
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It is possible to set per-user defaults for <command>dig</command> via
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<filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>. This file is read and
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any options in it
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are applied before the command line arguments.
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</para>
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<para>
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The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
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domain names. Either use the <option>-t</option> and
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<option>-c</option> options to specify the type and class,
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use the <option>-q</option> the specify the domain name, or
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use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>SIMPLE USAGE</title>
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<para>
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A typical invocation of <command>dig</command> looks like:
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<programlisting> dig @server name type </programlisting>
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where:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>server</constant></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
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can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
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address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
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<parameter>server</parameter> argument is a hostname,
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<command>dig</command> resolves that name before querying
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that name server.
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</para>
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<para>
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If no <parameter>server</parameter> argument is
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provided, <command>dig</command> consults
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<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>; if an
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address is found there, it queries the name server at
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that address. If either of the <option>-4</option> or
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<option>-6</option> options are in use, then
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only addresses for the corresponding transport
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will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
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<command>dig</command> will send the query to the
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local host. The reply from the name server that
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responds is displayed.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>name</constant></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>type</constant></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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indicates what type of query is required —
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ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
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<parameter>type</parameter> can be any valid query
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type. If no
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<parameter>type</parameter> argument is supplied,
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<command>dig</command> will perform a lookup for an
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A record.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<para>
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The <option>-b</option> option sets the source IP address of the query
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to <parameter>address</parameter>. This must be a valid
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address on
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one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
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port
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may be specified by appending "#<port>"
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</para>
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<para>
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The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
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<option>-c</option> option. <parameter>class</parameter> is
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any valid
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class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <option>-f</option> option makes <command>dig </command>
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operate
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in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
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file <parameter>filename</parameter>. The file contains a
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number of
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queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
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the same way they would be presented as queries to
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<command>dig</command> using the command-line interface.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <option>-m</option> option enables memory usage debugging.
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<!-- It enables ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE and ISC_MEM_DEBUGRECORD
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documented in include/isc/mem.h -->
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</para>
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<para>
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If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
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<option>-p</option> option is used. <parameter>port#</parameter> is
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the port number that <command>dig</command> will send its
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queries
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instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
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to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
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on a non-standard port number.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>dig</command>
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to only
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use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces
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<command>dig</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <option>-t</option> option sets the query type to
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<parameter>type</parameter>. It can be any valid query type
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which is
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supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
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<option>-x</option> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
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A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
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an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
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<parameter>type</parameter> is set to <literal>ixfr=N</literal>.
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The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
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since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
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<parameter>N</parameter>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <option>-q</option> option sets the query name to
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<parameter>name</parameter>. This is useful to distinguish the
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<parameter>name</parameter> from other arguments.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <option>-v</option> causes <command>dig</command> to
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print the version number and exit.
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</para>
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<para>
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Reverse lookups — mapping addresses to names — are simplified by the
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<option>-x</option> option. <parameter>addr</parameter> is
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an IPv4
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address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
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When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
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<parameter>name</parameter>, <parameter>class</parameter> and
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<parameter>type</parameter> arguments. <command>dig</command>
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automatically performs a lookup for a name like
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<literal>11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</literal> and sets the
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query type and
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class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
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looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
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To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
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specify the <option>-i</option> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
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are now experimental and are not attempted.
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</para>
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<para>
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To sign the DNS queries sent by <command>dig</command> and
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their
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responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
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using the <option>-k</option> option. You can also specify the TSIG
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key itself on the command line using the <option>-y</option> option;
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<parameter>hmac</parameter> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
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<parameter>name</parameter> is the name of the TSIG key and
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<parameter>key</parameter> is the actual key. The key is a
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base-64
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encoded string, typically generated by
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>.
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Caution should be taken when using the <option>-y</option> option on
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multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>
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or in the shell's history file. When
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using TSIG authentication with <command>dig</command>, the name
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server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
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being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
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<command>key</command> and <command>server</command> statements in
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<filename>named.conf</filename>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>QUERY OPTIONS</title>
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<para><command>dig</command>
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provides a number of query options which affect
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the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
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these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
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sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
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and retry strategies.
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</para>
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<para>
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Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
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(<literal>+</literal>). Some keywords set or reset an
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option. These may be preceded
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by the string <literal>no</literal> to negate the meaning of
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that keyword. Other
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keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
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have the form <option>+keyword=value</option>.
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The query options are:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]aaflag</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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A synonym for <parameter>+[no]aaonly</parameter>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]aaonly</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]additional</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Display [do not display] the additional section of a
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reply. The default is to display it.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]adflag</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
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query. This requests the server to return whether
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all of the answer and authority sections have all
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been validated as secure according to the security
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policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
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have been validated as secure and the answer is not
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from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
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of the answer was insecure or not validated. This
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bit is set by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]all</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Set or clear all display flags.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]answer</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Display [do not display] the answer section of a
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reply. The default is to display it.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]authority</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Display [do not display] the authority section of a
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reply. The default is to display it.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]besteffort</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Attempt to display the contents of messages which are
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malformed. The default is to not display malformed
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answers.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+bufsize=B</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0
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to <parameter>B</parameter> bytes. The maximum and
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minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.
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Values outside this range are rounded up or down
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appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a
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EDNS query to be sent.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]cdflag</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
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the query. This requests the server to not perform
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DNSSEC validation of responses.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]cl</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the
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record.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]cmd</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the
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output identifying the version of <command>dig</command>
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and the query options that have been applied. This
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comment is printed by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]comments</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.
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The default is to print comments.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>+[no]crypto</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC
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records. The contents of these field are unnecessary
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to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing
|
|
them makes it easier to see the common failures. The
|
|
default is to display the fields. When omitted they
|
|
are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the
|
|
DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
|
|
e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]defname</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for
|
|
<parameter>+[no]search</parameter>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]dnssec</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC
|
|
OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section
|
|
of the query.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+domain=somename</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Set the search list to contain the single domain
|
|
<parameter>somename</parameter>, as if specified in
|
|
a <command>domain</command> directive in
|
|
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, and enable
|
|
search list processing as if the
|
|
<parameter>+search</parameter> option were given.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]edns[=#]</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
|
|
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause
|
|
a EDNS query to be sent. <option>+noedns</option>
|
|
clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to
|
|
0 by default.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]expire</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Send an EDNS Expire option.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]fail</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL.
|
|
The default is to not try the next server which is
|
|
the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]identify</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number
|
|
that supplied the answer when the
|
|
<parameter>+short</parameter> option is enabled. If
|
|
short form answers are requested, the default is not
|
|
to show the source address and port number of the
|
|
server that provided the answer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]ignore</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying
|
|
with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]keepopen</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse
|
|
it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each
|
|
lookup. The default is <option>+nokeepopen</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]multiline</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose
|
|
multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
|
|
default is to print each record on a single line, to
|
|
facilitate machine parsing of the <command>dig</command>
|
|
output.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+ndots=D</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
|
|
<parameter>name</parameter> to <parameter>D</parameter>
|
|
for it to be considered absolute. The default value
|
|
is that defined using the ndots statement in
|
|
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no
|
|
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots
|
|
are interpreted as relative names and will be searched
|
|
for in the domains listed in the <option>search</option>
|
|
or <option>domain</option> directive in
|
|
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> if
|
|
<option>+search</option> is set.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]nsid</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending
|
|
a query.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]nssearch</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When this option is set, <command>dig</command>
|
|
attempts to find the authoritative name servers for
|
|
the zone containing the name being looked up and
|
|
display the SOA record that each name server has for
|
|
the zone.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]onesoa</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
|
|
an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting
|
|
and ending SOA records.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]qr</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By
|
|
default, the query is not printed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]question</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Print [do not print] the question section of a query
|
|
when an answer is returned. The default is to print
|
|
the question section as a comment.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]recurse</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit
|
|
in the query. This bit is set by default, which means
|
|
<command>dig</command> normally sends recursive
|
|
queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when
|
|
the <parameter>+nssearch</parameter> or
|
|
<parameter>+trace</parameter> query options are used.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+retry=T</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to
|
|
server to <parameter>T</parameter> instead of the
|
|
default, 2. Unlike <parameter>+tries</parameter>,
|
|
this does not include the initial query.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]rrcomments</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Toggle the display of per-record comments in the
|
|
output (for example, human-readable key information
|
|
about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print
|
|
record comments unless multiline mode is active.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]search</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the
|
|
searchlist or domain directive in
|
|
<filename>resolv.conf</filename> (if any). The search
|
|
list is not used by default.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
'ndots' from <filename>resolv.conf</filename> (default 1)
|
|
which may be overridden by <parameter>+ndots</parameter>
|
|
determines if the name will be treated as relative
|
|
or not and hence whether a search is eventually
|
|
performed or not.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]short</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the
|
|
answer in a verbose form.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]showsearch</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
|
|
results.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]sigchase</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be
|
|
compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]sit<optional>=####</optional></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Send a Source Identity Token EDNS option, with optional
|
|
value. Replaying a SIT from a previous response will
|
|
allow the server to identify a previous client. The
|
|
default is <option>+nosit</option>. Currently using
|
|
experimental value 65001 for the option code.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+split=W</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
|
|
records into chunks of <parameter>W</parameter>
|
|
characters (where <parameter>W</parameter> is rounded
|
|
up to the nearest multiple of 4).
|
|
<parameter>+nosplit</parameter> or
|
|
<parameter>+split=0</parameter> causes fields not to
|
|
be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or
|
|
44 characters when multiline mode is active.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]stats</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This query option toggles the printing of statistics:
|
|
when the query was made, the size of the reply and
|
|
so on. The default behavior is to print the query
|
|
statistics.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]subnet=addr/prefix</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Send an EDNS Client Subnet option with the specified
|
|
IP address or network prefix.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]tcp</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The
|
|
default behavior is to use UDP unless an
|
|
<literal>ixfr=N</literal> query is requested, in which
|
|
case the default is TCP. AXFR queries always use
|
|
TCP.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+time=T</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
Sets the timeout for a query to
|
|
<parameter>T</parameter> seconds. The default
|
|
timeout is 5 seconds.
|
|
An attempt to set <parameter>T</parameter> to less
|
|
than 1 will result
|
|
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]topdown</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
|
|
validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]trace</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root
|
|
name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing
|
|
is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled,
|
|
<command>dig</command> makes iterative queries to
|
|
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow
|
|
referrals from the root servers, showing the answer
|
|
from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.
|
|
</para> <para>
|
|
<command>+dnssec</command> is also set when +trace
|
|
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
|
|
nameserver.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+tries=T</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server
|
|
to <parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default,
|
|
3. If <parameter>T</parameter> is less than or equal
|
|
to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up
|
|
to 1.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+trusted-key=####</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used
|
|
with <option>+sigchase</option>. Each DNSKEY record
|
|
must be on its own line.
|
|
</para> <para>
|
|
If not specified, <command>dig</command> will look
|
|
for <filename>/etc/trusted-key.key</filename> then
|
|
<filename>trusted-key.key</filename> in the current
|
|
directory.
|
|
</para> <para>
|
|
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]ttlid</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the
|
|
record.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>+[no]vc</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This
|
|
alternate syntax to <parameter>+[no]tcp</parameter>
|
|
is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"
|
|
stands for "virtual circuit".
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>MULTIPLE QUERIES</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The BIND 9 implementation of <command>dig </command>
|
|
supports
|
|
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
|
|
supporting the <option>-f</option> batch file option). Each of those
|
|
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
|
|
options.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
In this case, each <parameter>query</parameter> argument
|
|
represent an
|
|
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
|
|
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
|
|
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
|
|
should be applied to that query.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
|
|
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
|
|
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
|
|
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
|
|
the <option>+[no]cmd</option> option) can be
|
|
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
shows how <command>dig</command> could be used from the
|
|
command line
|
|
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <literal>www.isc.org</literal>, a
|
|
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
|
|
<literal>isc.org</literal>.
|
|
|
|
A global query option of <parameter>+qr</parameter> is
|
|
applied, so
|
|
that <command>dig</command> shows the initial query it made
|
|
for each
|
|
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
|
|
<parameter>+noqr</parameter> which means that <command>dig</command>
|
|
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
|
|
<literal>isc.org</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>IDN SUPPORT</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If <command>dig</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized
|
|
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
|
|
<command>dig</command> appropriately converts character encoding of
|
|
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
|
|
reply from the server.
|
|
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
|
|
the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.
|
|
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
|
|
<command>dig</command> runs.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para><filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
|
<para><citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citetitle>RFC1035</citetitle>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>BUGS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
There are probably too many query options.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry><!--
|
|
- Local variables:
|
|
- mode: sgml
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- End:
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-->
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