208 lines
6.3 KiB
Groff
208 lines
6.3 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: rm.1,v 1.24 2006/09/02 23:28:32 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994, 2003
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rm.1 8.5 (Berkeley) 12/5/94
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.\"
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.Dd August 25, 2006
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.Dt RM 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rm
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.Nd remove directory entries
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl f | Fl i
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.Op Fl dPRrvW
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.Ar
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility attempts to remove the non-directory type files specified on the
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command line.
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If the permissions of the file do not permit writing, and the standard
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input device is a terminal, the user is prompted (on the standard error
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output) for confirmation.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl d
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Attempt to remove directories as well as other types of files.
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.It Fl f
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Attempt to remove the files without prompting for confirmation,
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regardless of the file's permissions.
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If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or modify
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the exit status to reflect an error.
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The
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.Fl f
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl i
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options.
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.It Fl i
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Request confirmation before attempting to remove each file, regardless of
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the file's permissions, or whether or not the standard input device is a
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terminal.
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The
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.Fl i
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl f
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options.
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.It Fl P
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Overwrite regular files before deleting them.
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Files are overwritten three times, first with the byte pattern 0xff,
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then 0x00, and then with random data, before they are deleted.
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Some care is taken to ensure that the data are actually written to
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disk, but this cannot be guaranteed, even on traditional filesystems;
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on log-structured filesystems or if any block-journaling scheme is
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in use, this option is completely useless.
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If the file cannot be
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overwritten, it will not be removed.
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.It Fl R
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Attempt to remove the file hierarchy rooted in each file argument.
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The
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.Fl R
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option implies the
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.Fl d
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option.
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If the
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.Fl i
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option is specified, the user is prompted for confirmation before
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each directory's contents are processed (as well as before the attempt
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is made to remove the directory).
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If the user does not respond affirmatively, the file hierarchy rooted in
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that directory is skipped.
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.Pp
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.It Fl r
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Equivalent to
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.Fl R .
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.It Fl v
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Cause
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.Nm
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to be verbose, showing files as they are processed.
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.It Fl W
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Attempts to undelete the named files.
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Currently, this option can only be used to recover
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files covered by whiteouts.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility removes symbolic links, not the files referenced by the links.
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.Pp
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It is an error to attempt to remove the files ``.'' and ``..''.
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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The
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.Nm
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utility exits 0 if all of the named files or file hierarchies were removed,
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or if the
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.Fl f
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option was specified and all of the existing files or file hierarchies were
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removed.
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If an error occurs,
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.Nm
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exits with a value \*[Gt]0.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr getopt 3
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standard argument processing.
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Removing filenames that begin with a dash
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.Pq e.g., Ar -file
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in the current directory which might otherwise be taken as option flags to
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.Nm
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can be accomplished as follows:
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.Pp
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.Ic "rm -- -file"
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.Pp
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or
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.Pp
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.Ic "rm ./-file"
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr rmdir 1 ,
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.Xr undelete 2 ,
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.Xr unlink 2 ,
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.Xr fts 3 ,
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.Xr getopt 3 ,
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.Xr symlink 7
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.Sh BUGS
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The
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.Fl P
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option assumes that the underlying file system is a fixed-block file
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system.
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FFS is a fixed-block file system, LFS is not.
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In addition, only regular files are overwritten, other types of files
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are not.
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Recent research indicates that as many as 35 overwrite passes with
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carefully chosen data patterns may be necessary to actually prevent
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recovery of data from a magnetic disk.
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Thus the
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.Fl P
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option is likely both insufficient for its design purpose and far
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too costly for default operation.
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However, it will at least prevent the recovery of data from FFS
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volumes with
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.Xr fsdb 8 .
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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The
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.Nm
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utility differs from historical implementations in that the
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.Fl f
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option only masks attempts to remove non-existent files instead of
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masking a large variety of errors.
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.Pp
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Also, historical
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.Bx
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implementations prompted on the standard output,
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not the standard error output.
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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utility is expected to be
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.St -p1003.2
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compatible.
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The
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.Fl v
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option is an extension.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl P
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option attempts to conform to U.S. DoD 5220-22.M, "National Industrial
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Security Program Operating Manual" ("NISPOM") as updated by Change
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2 and the July 23, 2003 "Clearing \*[Am] Sanitization Matrix".
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However, unlike earlier revisions of NISPOM, the 2003 matrix imposes
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requirements which make it clear that the standard does not and
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can not apply to the erasure of individual files, in particular
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requirements relating to spare sector management for an entire
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magnetic disk.
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.Em Because these requirements are not met, the
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.Fl P
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.Em option does not conform to the standard .
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