400 lines
14 KiB
Groff
400 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.TH SETUP 8
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.SH NAME
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setup \- Install MINIX 3 on a hard disk
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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setup
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.tr ~
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.nr a 0 +1
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.de CB
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.sp 0.5v
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\s-1\\f5\\c
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..
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.de CE
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\\fR\\s0\\c
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.sp 0.5v
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..
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.de IT
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.ti -0.25i
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.PP
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..
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.PP
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This appendix explains how to install MINIX 3.
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Standard MINIX 3 requires a Pentium (or compatible) with at least
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16-MB of RAM, at least 200-MB of free disk space, an IDE CD-ROM and an
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IDE hard disk. Serial ATA, USB, and SCSI disks are not supported at present.
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For USB CD-ROMS, see the Website: \fIwww.minix3.org\fR.
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\fBPREPARATION\fR
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.PP
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If you already have the CD-ROM (e.g., from the book), you can skip steps 1 and
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2, but it is wise to check \fIwww.minix3.org\fR to see if a newer version
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is available.
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If you want to run MINIX 3 on a simulator instead of native, see Part V first.
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If you do not have an IDE CD-ROM,
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either get the special USB CD-ROM boot image or use a simulator.
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.IT "Download the MINIX 3 CD-ROM image"
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Download the MINIX 3 CD-ROM image from the MINIX 3 Website
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at \fIwww.minix3.org\fR.
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.IT "Create a bootable MINIX 3 CD-ROM"
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Decompress the downloaded file.
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You will get a CD-ROM image file with extension \fI.iso\fR and this manual.
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The \fI.iso\fR file is a bit-for-bit CD-ROM image.
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Burn it to a CD-ROM to make a bootable CD-ROM.
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.PP
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If you are using \fIEasy CD Creator 5\fR, select \*(OQRecord CD from CD image\*(CQ from the File
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menu and change the file type from \fI.cif\fR to \fI.iso\fR in the dialog box that
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appears. Select the image file and click \*(OQOpen.\*(CQ Then click \*(OQStart Recording.\*(CQ
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.PP
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If you are using \fINero Express 5\fR, choose \*(OQDisc Image or Saved Project\*(CQ and
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change the type to \*(OQImage Files,\*(CQ select the image file and click \*(OQOpen.\*(CQ
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Select your CD recorder and click on \*(OQNext.\*(CQ
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.PP
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If you are running Windows and do not have a CD-ROM burning program, take a look at
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.br
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\fIalexfeinman.brinkster.net/isorecorder.htm\fR
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.br
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for a free one and use it to create
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a CD image.
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.IT "Determine which Ethernet Chip you have"
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.PP
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MINIX 3 supports several Ethernet chips for networking over LAN, ADSL, and
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cable. These include Intel Pro/100, RealTek 8029 and 8139, AMD LANCE,
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and several 3Com chips.
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During setup
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you will be asked which Ethernet chip you have, if any. Determine that now by
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looking at your documentation. Alternatively, if you are using Windows, go to
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the device manager as follows:
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.sp 1
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.ta 0.9i
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Windows 2000:
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.br
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Start> Settings> Control Panel> System> Hardware> Device Mgr
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.sp 1
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Windows XP:
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.br
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Start> Control Panel> System> Hardware> Device Mgr\s0
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.ll -1i
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.sp 1
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System requires double clicking; the rest are single. Expand the + next to
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\*(OQNetwork adapters\*(CQ to see what you have. Write it down. If you do not have
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a supported chip, you can still run MINIX 3, but without Ethernet.
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.IT "Partition your hard disk"
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.PP
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You can boot the computer from your CD-ROM if
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you like and MINIX 3 will start, but to do anything useful, you have to create a
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partition for it on your hard disk.
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But before partitioning, be sure to \fBback up your data to an external med\%ium
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like CD-ROM or DVD\fR as a safety precaution, just in case something goes wrong.
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Your files are valuable; protect them.
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.PP
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Unless you are sure you are an expert on disk partitioning with much experience, it is strongly suggested that you
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read the online tutorial on disk partitioning
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at \fIwww.minix3.org/doc/partitions.html.\fR
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If you already know how to manage partitions, create a contiguous chunk of free
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disk space of at least 200 MB (even better: 400 MB or more).
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If you do not know how to manage partitions but have a partitioning program
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like \fIPartition Magic\fR, use it to create a region of free disk space of at
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least 200 MB. Also make sure there is at least one primary partition (i.e.,
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Master Boot Record slot) free.
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The MINIX 3 setup script will guide you through creating a MINIX partition in the
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free space, which can be on either the first or second IDE disk.
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.PP
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If you are running Windows 95, 98, ME, or 2000 \fIand\fR your disk consists of a single
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FAT partition, you can use the \fIpresz134.exe\fR program on the CD-ROM
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(also available at \fIzeleps.com\fR) to reduce its size to leave room for MINIX.
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In all other cases, please read the online tutorial cited above.
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.PP
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\fBWARNING: If you make a mistake during disk partitioning, you can lose all the data
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on the disk, so be sure to back it up to CD-ROM or DVD before starting.
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Disk partitioning requires great care, so proceed with caution.\fR
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\fBBOOTING\fR
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.nr a 0
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.PP
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By now you should have allocated at least 200 MB of free space on your disk.
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If you have not done so yet, please do it now unless there is an existing
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200-MB (or larger) partition you are willing to convert to MINIX 3.
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.IT "Boot from the CD-ROM"
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Insert the CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive and boot the computer from it.
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If you have 16 MB of RAM or more, choose \*(OQRegular;\*(CQ
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if you have only 8 MB choose \*(OQsmall.\*(CQ
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If the computer boots from the hard disk instead of the CD-ROM, boot again and enter the
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BIOS setup program to change the order of boot devices, putting the CD-ROM before
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the hard disk.
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.IT "Login as root"
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When the \fIlogin\fR prompt appears, login as \fIroot.\fR
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After a successful login as root, you will see the shell prompt (#).
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At this point you are running fully-operational MINIX 3. If you type:
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.PP
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ls /usr/bin | more
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.PP
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you can see what software is available.
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Hit space to scroll the list.
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To see what program \fIfoo\fR does, type:
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.PP
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man foo
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.PP
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The manual pages are also available at
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.br
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\fIwww.minix3.org/manpages\fR.
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.IT "Start the setup script"
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To start the installation of MINIX 3 on the hard disk, type
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.PP
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setup
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.PP
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After this and all other commands, be sure to type ENTER (RETURN).
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When the installation script ends a screen with a colon, hit ENTER to
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continue. If the screen suddenly goes blank, press CTRL-F3 to select
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software scrolling (should only be needed on very old computers).
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Note that CTRL-key means depress the CTRL key and while holding it down,
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press \*(OQkey.\*(CQ
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\fBINSTALLING TO THE HARD DISK\fR
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.nr a 0
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.PP
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These steps correspond to the steps on the screen.
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.IT "Select keyboard type"
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When you are asked to select your national keyboard, do so.
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This and other steps have a default choice, in square brackets.
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If you agree with it, just hit ENTER. In most steps, the default is generally
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a good choice for beginners.
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The us-swap keyboard interchanges the CAPS LOCK and CTRL keys, as is conventional
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on UNIX systems.
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.IT "Select your Ethernet chip"
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You will now be asked which of the available Ethernet driver you want
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in\%stalled (or none). Please choose one of the options.
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.IT "Basic minimal or full install?"
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If you are tight on disk space, select M for a minimal installation
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which includes all the binaries but only the system sources installed.
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200 MB is enough for a bare-bones system. If you have 400 MB or more,
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choose F for a full installation.
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.IT "Create or select a partition for MINIX 3"
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You will first be asked if you are an expert in MINIX 3 disk partitioning.
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If so, you will be placed in the \fIpart\fR program to give you full power to
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edit the Master Boot Record (and enough rope to hang yourself).
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If you are not an expert, press ENTER for the default action, which is an
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automated step-by-step guide to formatting a disk partition for MINIX 3.
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\fBSubstep 4.1: Select a disk to install MINIX 3\fR
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.PP
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An IDE controller may have up to four disks. The \fIsetup\fR script will now
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look for each one. Just ignore an error messages.
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When the drives are listed, select one. and confirm your choice.
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If you have two hard disks and you decide to install MINIX 3 to the second one and have
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trouble booting from it, please see \fIwww.minix3.org/doc/using2disks.html\fR
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for the solution.
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\fBSubstep 4.2: Select a disk region\fR
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.PP
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Now choose a region to install MINIX 3 into. You have three choices:
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.sp 0.5v
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(1) Select a free region
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(2) Select a partition to overwrite
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(3) Delete an existing partition to free up space and merge with adjacent free
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space
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.sp 0.5v
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For choices (1) and (2), type the region number. For (3) type
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.sp -0.25v
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.PP
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delete
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.PP
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.sp -0.25v
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then give the region number when asked.
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This region will be overwritten and its previous contents lost forever.
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\fBSubstep 4.3: Confirm your choices\fR
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.PP
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You have now reached the point of no return. You will be asked if you want to
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continue. \fBIf you do, the data in the selected region will be lost forever.\fR
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If you are sure, type:
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.PP
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yes
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.PP
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and then ENTER. To exit the setup script without changing the
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partition table, hit CTRL-C.
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.IT "Reinstallation choice"
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If you chose an existing MINIX 3 partition, in this step you will be
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offered a choice between a Full install, which erases everything in the
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partition, and a Reinstall, which does not affect your existing \fI/home\fR
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partition. This design means that you can put your personal files on
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\fI/home\fR and reinstall a newer version of MINIX 3 when it is available
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without losing your personal files.
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.IT "Select the size of /home"
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The selected partition will be divided into three subpartitions: root, \fI/usr\fR,
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and \fI/home\fR. The latter is for your own personal files. Specify how much of the
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partition should be set aside for your files.
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You will be asked to confirm your choice.
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.IT "Select a block size"
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Disk block sizes of 1-KB, 2-KB, 4-KB, and 8-KB are supported, but
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to use a size larger than 4-KB you have to change a constant and recompile
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the system. If your memory is 16 MB or more, use the default (4 KB);
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otherwise, use 1 KB.
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.IT "Wait for bad block detection"
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The setup script will now scan each partition for bad disk blocks. This will take
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several minutes, possibly 10 minutes or more on a large partition.
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Please be patient.
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If you are absolutely certain there are no bad blocks, you can kill each scan
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by hitting CTRL-C.
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.IT "Wait for files to be copied"
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When the scan finishes, files will be automatically copied from the CD-ROM to
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the hard disk. Every file will be announced as it is copied.
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When the copying is complete, MINIX 3 is installed.
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Shut the system down by typing
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.PP
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shutdown
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.PP
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Always stop MINIX 3 this way to avoid data loss as MINIX 3 keeps some files on
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the RAM disk and only copies them back to the hard disk at shutdown time.
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\fBTESTING\fR
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.nr a 0
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.PP
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This section tells you how to test your installation, rebuild the system after
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modifying it, and boot it later. To start, boot your new MINIX 3 system.
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For example, if you used controller 0, disk 0, partition 3, type
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.PP
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boot c0d0p3
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.PP
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and log in as root. Under very rare conditions the drive number seen by the
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BIOS (and used by the boot monitor) may not agree with the one used by
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MINIX 3, in which case try other drive numbers.
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This is a good time to create a root password. See \fIman passwd\fR for help.
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.IT "Compile the test suite"
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To test MINIX 3, at the command prompt (#) type
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.PP
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cd /usr/src/test
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.br
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make
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.PP
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and wait until it completes all 40 compilations.
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Log out by typing CTRL-D,
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.IT "Run the test suite"
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To test the system, log in as bin (required) and type
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.PP
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cd /usr/src/test
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.br
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./run
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.PP
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to run the test programs. They should all run correctly but they can take
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20 min on a fast machine and over an hour on a slow one.
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\fINote\fR: It is necessary to compile the test suite when running as root
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but execute it as bin in order to see if the setuid bit works correctly.
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.IT "Rebuild the entire operating system"
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If all the tests work correctly, you can now rebuild the system.
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Doing so is not necessary since it comes prebuilt, but
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if you plan to modify the system, you will need to know how to rebuild it.
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Besides, rebuilding the system is a good test to see if it works. Type:
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.PP
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cd /usr/src/tools
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.br
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make
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.PP
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to see the various options available. Now make a new bootable image by typing
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.PP
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su
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make clean
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time make image
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.PP
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You just rebuilt the operating system, including all the kernel and user-mode
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parts. That did not take very long, did it?
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If you have a legacy floppy disk drive, you can make a
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bootable floppy for use later by inserting a formatted floppy and typing
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.PP
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make fdboot
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.PP
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When you are asked to complete the path, type:
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.PP
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fd0
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.PP
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This approach does not currently work with USB floppies since there is no MINIX 3 USB
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floppy disk driver yet.
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To update the boot image currently installed on the hard disk, type
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.PP
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make hdboot
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.PP
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.IT "Shut down and reboot the new system"
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To boot the new system, first shut down by typing:
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.PP
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shutdown
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.PP
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This command saves certain files and returns you to the MINIX 3 boot monitor.
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To get a summary of what the boot monitor can do, while in it, type:
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.PP
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help
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.PP
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For more details, see \fIwww.minix3.org/manpages/man8/boot.8.html\fR.
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You can now remove any CD-ROM or floppy disk and turn off the computer.
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.IT "Booting Tomorrow"
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.PP
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If you have a legacy floppy disk drive, the simplest way to boot MINIX 3 is by
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inserting your new boot floppy and turning on the power. It takes only a few seconds.
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Alternatively, boot from the MINIX 3 CD-ROM, login as bin and type:
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.PP
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shutdown
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.PP
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to get back to the MINIX 3 boot monitor. Now type:
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.PP
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boot c0d0p0
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.PP
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to boot from the operating system image file on
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controller 0, driver 0, partition 0.
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Of course, if you put MINIX 3 on drive 0 partition 1, use:
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.PP
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boot c0d0p1
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.PP
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and so on.
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.PP
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A third possibility for booting is to make the MINIX 3 partition the active one,
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and use the MINIX 3 boot monitor to start MINIX 3 or any other operating system.
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For details
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see \fIwww.minix3.org/manpages/man8/boot.8.html\fR.
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.PP
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Finally, a fourth option is for you to install a multiboot loader such as
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LILO or GRUB (\fIwww.gnu.org/software/grub\fR).
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Then you can boot any of your operating systems easily.
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Discussion of multiboot loaders is beyond the scope of this guide, but there
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is some information of the subject at \fIwww.minix3.org/doc\fR.
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\fBUSING A SIMULATOR\fR
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.nr a 0
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.PP
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A completely different approach to running MINIX 3 is to run it
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on top of another operating system instead of native on the bare
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metal. Various virtual machines, simulators, and emulators are
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available for this purpose. Some of the most popular ones are:
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\(bu VMware (www.vmware.com)
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.br
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\(bu Bochs (www.bochs.org)
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.br
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\(bu QEMU (www.qemu.org)
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.sp 1v
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See the documentation for each of them. Running a program on a
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simulator is similar to running it on the actual machine, so you
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should go back to Part I and acquire the latest CD-ROM and continue
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from there.
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