311 lines
8.3 KiB
Groff
311 lines
8.3 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1996 SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert.
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.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $OpenBSD: tar.1,v 1.33 2001/05/01 17:58:01 aaron Exp $
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 7, 2001
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.Dt TAR 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm tar
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.Nd tape archiver
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Sm off
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.Op Fl
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.Brq Cm crtux
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.Op Cm befhjmopqsvwyzHLOPXZ014578
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.Sm on
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.Op Ar blocksize
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.Op Ar archive
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.Op Ar replstr
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.\" XXX how to do this right?
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.Op Fl C Ar directory
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.Op Fl I Ar file
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.Op Ar
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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command creates, adds files to, or extracts files from an
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archive file in
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.Nm
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format.
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A
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.Nm
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archive is often stored on a magnetic tape, but can be
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stored equally well on a floppy, CD-ROM, or in a regular disk file.
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.Pp
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One of the following flags must be present:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl c
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Create new archive, or overwrite an existing archive,
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adding the specified files to it.
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.It Fl r
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Append the named new files to existing archive.
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Note that this will only work on media on which an end-of-file mark
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can be overwritten.
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.It Fl t
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List contents of archive.
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If any files are named on the
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command line, only those files will be listed.
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.It Fl u
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Alias for
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.Fl r .
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.It Fl x
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Extract files from archive.
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If any files are named on the
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command line, only those files will be extracted from the
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archive.
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If more than one copy of a file exists in the
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archive, later copies will overwrite earlier copies during
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extraction.
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The file mode and modification time are preserved
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if possible.
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The file mode is subject to modification by the
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.Xr umask 2 .
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.El
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.Pp
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In addition to the flags mentioned above, any of the following
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flags may be used:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl b Ar "blocking factor"
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Set blocking factor to use for the archive, with 512 byte blocks.
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The default is 20, the maximum is 126.
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Archives with a blocking factor larger 63 violate the
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.Tn POSIX
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standard and will not be portable to all systems.
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.It Fl e
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Stop after first error.
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.It Fl f Ar archive
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Filename where the archive is stored.
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Defaults to
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.Pa /dev/sa0 .
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.It Fl h
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Follow symbolic links as if they were normal files
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or directories.
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.It Fl j
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Compress archives using
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.Xr bzip2 1 .
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.It Fl m
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Do not preserve modification time.
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.It Fl O
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Write old-style
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.Pq non- Ns Tn POSIX
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archives.
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.It Fl o
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Do not write directory information that the older (V7) style
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.Nm
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is unable to decode.
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This implies the
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.Fl O
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flag.
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.It Fl p
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Preserve user and group ID as well as file mode regardless of
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the current
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.Xr umask 2 .
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The setuid and setgid bits are only preserved if the user is
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the superuser.
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Only meaningful in conjunction with the
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.Fl x
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flag.
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.It Fl q
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Select the first archive member that matches each
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.Ar pattern
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operand.
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No more than one archive member is matched for each
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.Ar pattern .
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When members of type directory are matched, the file hierarchy rooted at that
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directory is also matched.
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.It Fl s Ar replstr
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Modify the file or archive member names specified by the
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.Ar pattern
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or
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.Ar file
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operands according to the substitution expression
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.Ar replstr ,
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using the syntax of the
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.Xr ed 1
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utility regular expressions.
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The format of these regular expressions are:
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.Dl /old/new/[gp]
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As in
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.Xr ed 1 ,
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.Cm old
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is a basic regular expression and
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.Cm new
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can contain an ampersand
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.Pq Ql & ,
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.Li \e Ns Ar n
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(where
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.Ar n
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is a digit) back-references,
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or subexpression matching.
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The
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.Cm old
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string may also contain newline characters.
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Any non-null character can be used as a delimiter
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.Ql ( /
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is shown here).
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Multiple
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.Fl s
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expressions can be specified.
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The expressions are applied in the order they are specified on the
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command line, terminating with the first successful substitution.
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The optional trailing
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.Cm g
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continues to apply the substitution expression to the pathname substring
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which starts with the first character following the end of the last successful
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substitution.
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The first unsuccessful substitution stops the operation of the
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.Cm g
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option.
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The optional trailing
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.Cm p
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will cause the final result of a successful substitution to be written to
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standard error
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in the following format:
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.Pp
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.Dl <original pathname> >> <new pathname>
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.Pp
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File or archive member names that substitute to the empty string
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are not selected and will be skipped.
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.It Fl v
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Verbose operation mode.
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.It Fl w
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Interactively rename files.
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This option causes
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.Nm
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to prompt the user for the filename to use when storing or
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extracting files in an archive.
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.It Fl y
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Compress archives using
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.Xr bzip2 1 .
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.It Fl z
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Compress archive using
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.Xr gzip 1 .
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.It Fl C Ar directory
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This is a positional argument which sets the working directory for the
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following files.
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When extracting, files will be extracted into
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the specified directory; when creating, the specified files will be matched
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from the directory.
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.It Fl H
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Follow symlinks given on command line only.
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.It Fl L
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Follow all symlinks.
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.It Fl P
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Do not strip leading slashes
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.Pq Ql /
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from pathnames.
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The default is to strip leading slashes.
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.It Fl I Ar file
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This is a positional argument which reads the names of files to
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archive or extract from the given file, one per line.
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.It Fl X
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Do not cross mount points in the file system.
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.It Fl Z
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Compress archive using
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.Xr compress 1 .
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.El
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.Pp
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The options
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.Op Fl 014578
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can be used to select one of the compiled-in backup devices,
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.Pa /dev/rst Ns Ar N .
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width TMPDIR
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.It Ev TMPDIR
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Path in which to store temporary files.
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.It Ev TAPE
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Default tape device to use instead of
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.Pa /dev/sa0 .
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width "/dev/sa0"
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.It Pa /dev/sa0
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default archive name
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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The
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.Nm
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utility will exit with one of the following values:
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.Bl -tag -width 2n
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.It 0
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All files were processed successfully.
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.It 1
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An error occurred.
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.El
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.Pp
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Whenever
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.Nm
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cannot create a file or a link when extracting an archive or cannot
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find a file while writing an archive, or cannot preserve the user
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ID, group ID, file mode, or access and modification times when the
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.Fl p
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option is specified, a diagnostic message is written to standard
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error and a non-zero exit value will be returned, but processing
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will continue.
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In the case where
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.Nm
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cannot create a link to a file,
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.Nm
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will not create a second copy of the file.
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.Pp
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If the extraction of a file from an archive is prematurely terminated
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by a signal or error,
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.Nm
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may have only partially extracted the file the user wanted.
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Additionally, the file modes of extracted files and directories may
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have incorrect file bits, and the modification and access times may
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be wrong.
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.Pp
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If the creation of an archive is prematurely terminated by a signal
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or error,
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.Nm
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may have only partially created the archive which may violate the
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specific archive format specification.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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The
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.Fl L
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flag is not portable to other versions of
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.Nm
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where it may have a different meaning.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr cpio 1 ,
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.Xr pax 1
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command first appeared in
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.At v7 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An Keith Muller
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at the University of California, San Diego.
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