f14fb60209
* Updating common/lib * Updating lib/csu * Updating lib/libc * Updating libexec/ld.elf_so * Corrected test on __minix in featuretest to actually follow the meaning of the comment. * Cleaned up _REENTRANT-related defintions. * Disabled -D_REENTRANT for libfetch * Removing some unneeded __NBSD_LIBC defines and tests Change-Id: Ic1394baef74d11b9f86b312f5ff4bbc3cbf72ce2
531 lines
12 KiB
Groff
531 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: glob.3,v 1.41 2012/08/12 13:31:41 christos Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Guido van Rossum.
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)glob.3 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/16/94
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.\"
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.Dd August 12, 2012
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.Dt GLOB 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm glob ,
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.Nm globfree ,
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.Nm glob_pattern_p
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.Nd generate pathnames matching a pattern
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In glob.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn glob "const char * restrict pattern" "int flags" "int (*errfunc)(const char *, int)" "glob_t * restrict pglob"
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.Ft void
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.Fn globfree "glob_t *pglob"
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.Ft int
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.Fn glob_pattern_p "const char *pattern" "int quote"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn glob
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function
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is a pathname generator that implements the rules for file name pattern
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matching used by the shell.
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.Pp
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The include file
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.Pa glob.h
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defines the structure type
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.Fa glob_t ,
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which contains at least the following fields:
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.Bd -literal
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typedef struct {
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size_t gl_pathc; /* count of total paths so far */
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size_t gl_matchc; /* count of paths matching pattern */
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size_t gl_offs; /* reserved at beginning of gl_pathv */
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int gl_flags; /* returned flags */
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char **gl_pathv; /* list of paths matching pattern */
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} glob_t;
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa pattern
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is a pointer to a pathname pattern to be expanded.
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The
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.Fn glob
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argument
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matches all accessible pathnames against the pattern and creates
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a list of the pathnames that match.
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In order to have access to a pathname,
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.Fn glob
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requires search permission on every component of a path except the last
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and read permission on each directory of any filename component of
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.Fa pattern
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that contains any of the special characters
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.Ql * ,
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.Ql \&?
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or
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.Ql \&[ .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn glob
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argument
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stores the number of matched pathnames into the
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.Fa gl_pathc
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field, and a pointer to a list of pointers to pathnames into the
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.Fa gl_pathv
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field.
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The first pointer after the last pathname is
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.Dv NULL .
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If the pattern does not match any pathnames, the returned number of
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matched paths is set to zero.
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.Pp
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It is the caller's responsibility to create the structure pointed to by
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.Fa pglob .
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The
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.Fn glob
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function allocates other space as needed, including the memory pointed
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to by
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.Fa gl_pathv .
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa flags
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is used to modify the behavior of
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.Fn glob .
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The value of
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.Fa flags
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is the bitwise inclusive
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.Tn OR
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of any of the following
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values defined in
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.Pa glob.h :
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.Bl -tag -width GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC
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.It Dv GLOB_APPEND
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Append pathnames generated to the ones from a previous call (or calls)
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to
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.Fn glob .
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The value of
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.Fa gl_pathc
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will be the total matches found by this call and the previous call(s).
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The pathnames are appended to, not merged with the pathnames returned by
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the previous call(s).
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Between calls, the caller must not change the setting of the
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.Dv GLOB_DOOFFS
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flag, nor change the value of
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.Fa gl_offs
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when
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.Dv GLOB_DOOFFS
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is set, nor (obviously) call
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.Fn globfree
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for
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.Fa pglob .
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.It Dv GLOB_DOOFFS
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Make use of the
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.Fa gl_offs
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field.
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If this flag is set,
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.Fa gl_offs
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is used to specify how many
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.Dv NULL
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pointers to prepend to the beginning
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of the
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.Fa gl_pathv
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field.
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In other words,
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.Fa gl_pathv
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will point to
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.Fa gl_offs
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.Dv NULL
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pointers,
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followed by
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.Fa gl_pathc
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pathname pointers, followed by a
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.Dv NULL
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pointer.
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.It Dv GLOB_ERR
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Causes
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.Fn glob
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to return when it encounters a directory that it cannot open or read.
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Ordinarily,
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.Fn glob
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continues to find matches.
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.It Dv GLOB_MARK
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Each pathname that is a directory that matches
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.Fa pattern
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has a slash
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appended.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOCHECK
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If
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.Fa pattern
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does not match any pathname, then
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.Fn glob
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returns a list
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consisting of only
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.Fa pattern ,
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with the number of total pathnames set to 1, and the number of matched
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pathnames set to 0.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOSORT
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By default, the pathnames are sorted in ascending
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.Tn ASCII
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order;
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this flag prevents that sorting (speeding up
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.Fn glob ) .
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.El
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.Pp
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The following values may also be included in
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.Fa flags ,
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however, they are non-standard extensions to
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.St -p1003.2 .
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.Bl -tag -width GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC
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.It Dv GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC
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The following additional fields in the pglob structure have been
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initialized with alternate functions for glob to use to open, read,
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and close directories and to get stat information on names found
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in those directories.
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.Bd -literal
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void *(*gl_opendir)(const char * name);
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struct dirent *(*gl_readdir)(void *);
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void (*gl_closedir)(void *);
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int (*gl_lstat)(const char *name, struct stat *st);
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int (*gl_stat)(const char *name, struct stat *st);
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|
.Ed
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.Pp
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This extension is provided to allow programs such as
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.Xr restore 8
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to provide globbing from directories stored on tape.
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.It Dv GLOB_BRACE
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Pre-process the pattern string to expand
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.Ql {pat,pat,...}
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strings like
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.Xr csh 1 .
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The pattern
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.Ql {}
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is left unexpanded for historical reasons
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.Po
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.Xr csh 1
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does the same thing to ease typing of
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.Xr find 1
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patterns
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.Pc .
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.It Dv GLOB_LIMIT
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Limit the amount of memory used to store matched strings to
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.Li 64K ,
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the number of
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.Xr stat 2
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calls to 128, and the number of
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|
.Xr readdir 3
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|
calls to 16K.
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|
This option should be set for programs that can be coerced to a denial of
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service attack via patterns that expand to a very large number of matches,
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such as a long string of
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.Li */../*/..
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.It Dv GLOB_MAGCHAR
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Set by the
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.Fn glob
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function if the pattern included globbing characters.
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See the description of the usage of the
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.Fa gl_matchc
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structure member for more details.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOESCAPE
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|
Disable the use of the backslash
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.Pq Ql \e
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character for quoting.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOMAGIC
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Is the same as
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.Dv GLOB_NOCHECK
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but it only appends the
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.Fa pattern
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if it does not contain any of the special characters ``*'', ``?'' or ``[''.
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.Dv GLOB_NOMAGIC
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|
is provided to simplify implementing the historic
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.Xr csh 1
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globbing behavior and should probably not be used anywhere else.
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.It Dv GLOB_NO_DOTDIRS
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|
Hide
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.Sq Li \&.
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and
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.Sq Li \&..
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|
from metacharacter matches, regardless of whether
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.Dv GLOB_PERIOD
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is set and whether the pattern component begins with a literal period.
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.It Dv GLOB_PERIOD
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|
Allow metacharacters to match a leading period in a filename.
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.It Dv GLOB_STAR
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Indicates that two adjacent
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.Li *
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characters will do a recursive match in all subdirs, without following
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symbolic links and three adjacent
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.Li *
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|
characters will also follow symbolic links.
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.It Dv GLOB_TILDE
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Expand patterns that start with
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.Ql ~
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to user name home directories.
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.El
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.Pp
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|
If, during the search, a directory is encountered that cannot be opened
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or read and
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.Fa errfunc
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is
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.Pf non- Dv NULL ,
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.Fn glob
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calls
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.Fa (*errfunc)(path, errno) .
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This may be unintuitive: a pattern like
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.Ql */Makefile
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will try to
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.Xr stat 2
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.Ql foo/Makefile
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even if
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.Ql foo
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|
is not a directory, resulting in a
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|
call to
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.Fa errfunc .
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|
The error routine can suppress this action by testing for
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.Dv ENOENT
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and
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.Dv ENOTDIR ;
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however, the
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.Dv GLOB_ERR
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|
flag will still cause an immediate
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return when this happens.
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.Pp
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If
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.Fa errfunc
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returns non-zero,
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.Fn glob
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stops the scan and returns
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.Dv GLOB_ABORTED
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after setting
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.Fa gl_pathc
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and
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.Fa gl_pathv
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|
to reflect any paths already matched.
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|
This also happens if an error is encountered and
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.Dv GLOB_ERR
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|
is set in
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.Fa flags ,
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|
regardless of the return value of
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|
.Fa errfunc ,
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|
if called.
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|
If
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.Dv GLOB_ERR
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|
is not set and either
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|
.Fa errfunc
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is
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.Dv NULL
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or
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|
.Fa errfunc
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|
returns zero, the error is ignored.
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|
.Pp
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|
The
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.Fn globfree
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|
function frees any space associated with
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.Fa pglob
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from a previous call(s) to
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.Fn glob .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn glob_pattern_p
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returns
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.Dv 1
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if the
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.Fa pattern
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has any special characters that
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.Fn glob
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will interpret and
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.Dv 0
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otherwise.
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If the
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.Fa quote
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argument is non-zero, then backslash quoted characters are ignored.
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.Pp
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The historical
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.Dv GLOB_QUOTE
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flag is no longer supported.
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Per
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.St -p1003.2-92 ,
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backslash escaping of special characters is the default behaviour;
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|
it may be disabled by specifying the
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.Dv GLOB_NOESCAPE
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flag.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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On successful completion,
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.Fn glob
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returns zero.
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In addition the fields of
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.Fa pglob
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contain the values described below:
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.Bl -tag -width GLOB_NOCHECK
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.It Fa gl_pathc
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contains the total number of matched pathnames so far.
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|
This includes other matches from previous invocations of
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.Fn glob
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if
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.Dv GLOB_APPEND
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was specified.
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.It Fa gl_matchc
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contains the number of matched pathnames in the current invocation of
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.Fn glob .
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.It Fa gl_flags
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contains a copy of the
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.Fa flags
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parameter with the bit
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.Dv GLOB_MAGCHAR
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|
set if
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.Fa pattern
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|
contained any of the special characters ``*'', ``?'' or ``['', cleared
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|
if not.
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.It Fa gl_pathv
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contains a pointer to a
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.Dv NULL Ns -terminated
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|
list of matched pathnames.
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|
However, if
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.Fa gl_pathc
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is zero, the contents of
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.Fa gl_pathv
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are undefined.
|
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.El
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|
.Pp
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If
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.Fn glob
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terminates due to an error, it sets
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.Va errno
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and returns one of the following non-zero constants, which are defined
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in the include file
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.In glob.h :
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|
.Bl -tag -width GLOB_ABORTEDXXX
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|
.It Dv GLOB_ABORTED
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|
The scan was stopped because an error was encountered and either
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|
.Dv GLOB_ERR
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|
was set or
|
|
.Fa (*errfunc)()
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|
returned non-zero.
|
|
.It Dv GLOB_NOMATCH
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|
The pattern does not match any existing pathname, and
|
|
.Dv GLOB_NOCHECK
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|
was not set in
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|
.Dv flags .
|
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.It Dv GLOB_NOSPACE
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|
An attempt to allocate memory failed, or if
|
|
.Va errno
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|
was 0
|
|
.Li GLOB_LIMIT
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|
was specified in the flags and
|
|
.Li ARG_MAX
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patterns were matched.
|
|
.El
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|
.Pp
|
|
The historical
|
|
.Dv GLOB_ABEND
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|
return constant is no longer supported.
|
|
Portable applications should use the
|
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.Dv GLOB_ABORTED
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|
constant instead.
|
|
.Pp
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|
The arguments
|
|
.Fa pglob\-\*[Gt]gl_pathc
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|
and
|
|
.Fa pglob\-\*[Gt]gl_pathv
|
|
are still set as specified above.
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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|
.Bl -tag -width HOME -compact
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|
.It Ev HOME
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|
If defined, used as the home directory of the current user in
|
|
tilde expansions.
|
|
.El
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|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
A rough equivalent of
|
|
.Ql "ls -l *.c *.h"
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|
can be obtained with the
|
|
following code:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
glob_t g;
|
|
|
|
g.gl_offs = 2;
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|
glob("*.c", GLOB_DOOFFS, NULL, \*[Am]g);
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|
glob("*.h", GLOB_DOOFFS | GLOB_APPEND, NULL, \*[Am]g);
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g.gl_pathv[0] = "ls";
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|
g.gl_pathv[1] = "-l";
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|
execvp("ls", g.gl_pathv);
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr sh 1 ,
|
|
.Xr fnmatch 3 ,
|
|
.Xr regexp 3 ,
|
|
.Xr glob 7
|
|
.Sh STANDARDS
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn glob
|
|
function is expected to be
|
|
.St -p1003.2
|
|
compatible with the exception
|
|
that the flags
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|
.Dv GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_BRACE ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_LIMIT ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_MAGCHAR ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_NOESCAPE ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_NOMAGIC ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_NO_DOTDIRS ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_PERIOD ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_STAR ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_TILDE ,
|
|
and the fields
|
|
.Fa gl_matchc
|
|
and
|
|
.Fa gl_flags
|
|
should not be used by applications striving for strict
|
|
.Tn POSIX
|
|
conformance.
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn glob
|
|
and
|
|
.Fn globfree
|
|
functions first appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.4 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn glob_pattern_p
|
|
function is modelled after the one found in glibc.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Patterns longer than
|
|
.Dv MAXPATHLEN
|
|
may cause unchecked errors.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn glob
|
|
function may fail and set
|
|
.Va errno
|
|
for any of the errors specified for the library routines
|
|
.Xr stat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr closedir 3 ,
|
|
.Xr opendir 3 ,
|
|
.Xr readdir 3 ,
|
|
.Xr malloc 3 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr free 3 .
|